Laser-induced breakdown

Laser-induced breakdown is a phenomenon which occurs when the light is focused into a small volume and the electric field strength exceeds the breakdown threshold. From a quantum point of view, one may define the breakdown process as the formation of a plasma region due to multiphoton ionization processes. 

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Different analytical techniques are used for detection of the elemental composition of the solid samples. The simplest is direct detection of emission from the plasma of the ablated material formed above a sample surface. This technique is generally referred to as LIBS or LIPS (laser induced breakdown/plasma spectroscopy). Strong continuous background radiation from the hot plasma plume does not enable detection of atomic and ionic lines of specific elements during the first few hundred nanoseconds of plasma evolution. One can achieve a reasonable signal-to-noise ra-... 

Flame Photometry and Gas Chromatography (CyTerra) -Aerodynamic Particle Size and Shape Analysis (BIRAL) -Flow Cytometry (Luminex, LLNL) -Semiconductor-Based Ultraviolet Light (DARPA) -Polymer Fluorochrome (Echo Technology) -Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy -Raman Scattering -Infrared Absorption -Terahertz Spectroscopy -UV LIDAR... 

ISFET Ion-selective field effect transistor LIBS Laser-induced breakdown... 

LIBS Acronym for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. 

Anglos, D. (2001), Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in art and archaeology, Appl. Spectrosc. 55(6), 186A-205A. 

Burgio, L., R. J. H. Clark, T. Stratoudaki, M. Doulgeridis, and D. Anglos (2000), Pigment identification in painted artworks A dual analytical approach employing LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) and Raman microscopy, Appl. Spectrosc. 54(4), 463-469. 

Melessanaki, K., S. Kotoulas, A. Petrakis, A. Hatziapostolou, D. Anglos, S. Ferrence, and P. P. Betancourt (2002), LIBS (laser induced breakdown spectroscopy) A new tool in archaeometry , Trends Opt. Photon. 81, 57-59. 

Sneddon, J. (1998), Laser induced breakdown spectrometry, Chem. Educ. 3(6), S1430-S4171(98). 06260-8. 

In recent years, several groups have proposed the use of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy as a technique capable of giving information on the pigment compositions with minimal damage of the artwork. However, until the development of quantitative methods for accurate elemental analysis, the LIBS technique was hardly competitive with other methods for quantitative analysis of the samples. 

Anglos D., Couris S., Fotakis C., Laser Diagnostics of Painted Artworks Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Pigment Identification, Appl. Spectrosc. 1997 51(7) 1025. 

Bulajic D., Corsi M., Cristoforetti G., Legnaioli S., Palleschi V., Salvetti A., Tognoni E., A procedure for correcting self-absorption in calibration-free Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Spectrochimica Acta B 2002 57 339-357. 

Vukjovic et al.199 recently proposed a simple, fast, sensitive, and low-cost procedure based on solid phase spectrophotometric (SPS) and multicomponent analysis by multiple linear regression (MA) to determine traces of heavy metals in pharmaceuticals. Other spectroscopic techniques employed for high-throughput pharmaceutical analysis include laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS),200 201 fluorescence spectroscopy,202 204 diffusive reflectance spectroscopy,205 laser-based nephelometry,206 automated polarized light microscopy,207 and laser diffraction and image analysis.208... 

KEYWORDS Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, garnet, LIBS, multivariate principal components... 

The emerging analytical technique of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a simple atomic emission spectroscopy technique that has the potential for real-time man-portable chemical analysis in the field. Because LIBS is simultaneously sensitive to all elements, a single laser shot can be used to record the broadband emission spectra, which provides a chemical fingerprint of a material. 

Analysis of gem treatments comparison of nano-second and pico-second laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy... 

This presentation will summarize developments in laser ablation with emphasis on LIBS (laser induced breakdown spectroscopy) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) as analytical tools for real time chemical analysis (Fig. 1) (Russo et al. 

Baudelet M., Boueri M., Yu J., Mao S., Piscitelli V., Mao X., Russo R. 2007. Time-resolved ultraviolet laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for organic material analysis. Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy, 20,1329-1334. 

Cremers, D.A. Radziemski, L.J. 2006. Handbook of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscop. J. Wiley Sons, New York Gonzalez, J., Oropeza, D., Mao, X.L., Russo, R.E. 2008. Assessment of the precision and accuracy of thorium (232Th) and uranium (238U) measured by quadrupole based-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry comparison of liquid... 

Miziolek, A.W., Palleschi, V., Schechter, I. (eds.) 2006. Laser-Induced Breakdown... 

Laser heating, case hardening by, 16 200 Laser heterodyne radiometry, 23 142 Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), archaeological materials, 5 743 Laser-induced EDC cracking, 25 646 Laser-induced fluorescence, 23 127 Laser-induced fluorescence imaging, application in combinatorial chemistry, 7 404... 

M.D. Mowery, R. Sing, J. Kirsch, A. Razaghi, S. Bechard and R.A. Reed, Rapid at-line analysis of coating thickness and uniformity on tablets using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal, 28, 935-943 (2002). 

M.C. Madamba, W.M. Mullett, S. Debnath and E. Kwong, Characterization of tablet film coatings using a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic technique, AAPS PharmSciTech, 8 (4) Article 103 (http //www. aapspharmscitech.org/) (2007). 

Abstract world class unconformity-related U deposits occur in the Proterozoic McArthur Basin (Northern Territory, Australia) and Athabasca Basin (Saskatchewan, Canada). Widespread pre-to post-ore silicifications in the vicinity of the deposits, allow proper observation of paragenetically well-characterized fluid inclusions. We used a combination of microthermometry, Raman microspectroscopy and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), to establish the physical-chemical characteristics of the main fluids having circulated at the time of U mineralization. The deduced salinities, cation ratios (Na/Ca, Na/Mg) and P-T conditions, led to the detailed characterization of a NaCI-rich brine, a CaCl2-rich brine and a low-salinity fluid, and to the identification of mixing processes that appear to be key factors for U mineralization. 

Derome, D., Cathelineau, M., Cuney, M., Fabre, C., Lhomme, T., Banks, D.A. 2005. Mixing of sodic and calcic brines and uranium deposition at McArthur River, Saskatchewan, Canada. A raman and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic study of fluid inclusions. Economic Geology, 100, 1529-1545. 

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy Light detection and ranging Laser-induced fluorescence Lab-on-a-chip... 

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