Glass-ceramic matrix composites metallic reinforcement

In an earlier study, Ducheyne and Hench fabricated composite materials with a bioactive glass (Bioglass ) matrix and stainless steel fibre reinforcement by an immersion technique [25]. Donald et al. have reported on the fabrication of glass and glass-ceramic matrix composites reinforced by stainless steel and Ni-based alloy filaments with diameters in the range 4 to 22 [jum [100, 101]. Glass-encapsulated metal filaments prepared by the Taylor-wire process were used for the fabrication of the composites [100]. 

R. U. Vaidya, C. Norris and K. N. Subramanian, Interfacial Effects in a Metallic-Glass Ribbon Reinforced Glass-Ceramic Matrix Composite, J. Mat. Sci. 27, 4957-4960 (1992). 

Whisker-reinforced glass-ceramic matrices are expected to find several applications in automotive components, metal forming, cutting tools, etc., due to their low thermal expansion, high thermal shock resistance, high reliability and low material and processing costs. Some industrial applications for continuous fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are listed below. 

Composites may be identified and classified many hundreds of ways. There are aggregate-cement matrix (concrete), aluminum film-plastic matrix, asbestos fiber-concrete matrix, carbon-carbon matrix, carbon fiber-carbon matrix, cellulose fiber-lignin/silicic matrix, ceramic fiber-matrix ceramic (CMC), ceramic fiber-metal matrix, ceramic-metal matrix (cermet), concrete-plastic matrix, fibrous-ceramic matrix, fibrous-metal matrix, fibrous-plastic matrix, flexible reinforced plastic, glass ceramic-amorphous glass matrix, laminar-layers of different metals, laminar-layer of glass-plastic (safety glass), laminar-layer of reinforced plastic, laminar-layers of unreinforced plastic. 

Composite materials that are reinforced with continuous fibers having a modulus higher than that of glass fibers. The term includes polymeric matrix, metal matrix, and ceramic matrix composites, as well as carbon-carbon composites. 

The chemical composition of the composite constituents and the interphase is not limited to any particular material class. There are metal-matrix, ceramic-matrix, and polymer-matrix composites, all of which find industrially relevant applications. Similarly, reinforcements in important commercial composites are made of such materials as steel. E-glass, and Kevlar . Many times a bonding agent is added to the fibers prior to compounding to create an interphase of a specified chemistry. We will describe specific component chemistries in subsequent sections. 

REINFORCED PLASTICS. Reinforced plastics are commonly referred to as composites or, more specifically, polymer composites, Not all composites are reinforced plastics ceramic/metal-matrix composites and concrete are good examples of nonpolymeric composites. Reinforced plastics are also referred to RP, FRP (fiberglass-reinforced plastic), and GRP (glass-reinforced plastic) interchangeably. 

In general, polymers have low stiffness and strength in comparison with other materials, e.g., metals and ceramics, and consequently these materials present serious difficulties in structural applications. To improve their mechanical properties, polymers are reinforced by the addition of rigid particles or fibers to form composite materials (1). Thus, polymer matrix composite materials are made up of a low modulus phase, the polymer matrix, and a high modulus phase, the reinforcement, which is usually carbon or glass. The modulus of the composite is higher than that of the polymer matrix, and the increment is proportional to the volume fraction of the reinforcement. In general, the properties of the composite depend not... 

R Y. Leung, S. T. Gonczy, G. T. Stanford, C. E. Southern, D. M. Lipkin, Near-Net Shape Formability and Fibrous Fracture in Glass Matrix Composites Reinforced with Continuous Ceramic Fibers, NASA Conference Publication 3097, Proceedings ofthe 14th Conference on Metal Matrix, Carbon, and Ceramic Matrix... 

At present, Chinese researchers have considerable knowledge and experience in the synthesis of aluminum borate whiskers, reinforcing and toughening composites, and industrialization. Before long, aluminum borate whiskers will be used widely in reinforced metal matrixes (aluminum base, magnesium base), ceramic matrix, plastic, glass, fiber, and coatings. ... 

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