Ceramic-matrix carbon-fiber

Recent research has explored a wide variety of filler-matrix combinations for ceramic composites. For example, scientists at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute have been studying a composite made of silicon carbide fibers embedded in a silicon carbide matrix for use in high-temperature applications, such as spacecraft components and nuclear fusion facilities. Other composites that have been tested include silicon nitride reinforcements embedded in silicon carbide matrix, carbon fibers in boron nitride matrix, silicon nitride in boron nitride, and silicon nitride in titanium nitride. Researchers are also testing other, less common filler and matrix materials in the development of new composites. These include titanium carbide (TiC), titanium boride (TiB2), chromium boride (CrB), zirconium oxide (Zr02), and lanthanum phosphate (LaP04). 

K. Honjo, A. Shindo, Interfacial Behavior of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with Ceramics-Coated Carbon Fibers, Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Composite Interfaces, North Holland, NY, 1986, pp. 101-107. 

Composites may be identified and classified many hundreds of ways. There are aggregate-cement matrix (concrete), aluminum film-plastic matrix, asbestos fiber-concrete matrix, carbon-carbon matrix, carbon fiber-carbon matrix, cellulose fiber-lignin/silicic matrix, ceramic fiber-matrix ceramic (CMC), ceramic fiber-metal matrix, ceramic-metal matrix (cermet), concrete-plastic matrix, fibrous-ceramic matrix, fibrous-metal matrix, fibrous-plastic matrix, flexible reinforced plastic, glass ceramic-amorphous glass matrix, laminar-layers of different metals, laminar-layer of glass-plastic (safety glass), laminar-layer of reinforced plastic, laminar-layers of unreinforced plastic. 

The ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) contain brittle fibers and a brittle matrix. This combination ends up in a damage tolerant material. CMCs are of interest to thermostmctural applications. They consist of ceramics or carbon reinforced with continuous ceramic or carbon fibers. Their mechanical behavior displays several typical features that differentiate them from the other composites (such as polymer matrix composites, metal matrix composites, etc. .. ) and from the homogeneous (monolithic) materials. 

Honjo K, Shindo A, Interfacial behaviour of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with ceramic coated carbon fibers, Ishida H, Koenig JL eds.. Composite Interfaces, North Holland, New York, 101-107, 1986. 

MMCs consist of metals reinforced with a variety of ceramic and carbon fibers, whiskers, and particles. There are wide ranges of materials that fall in this category. An important example is a material consisting of tungsten carbide particles embedded in a cobalt matrix, which is used extensively in cutting tools and dies. This composite, often referred to as a... 

Fibrous Composites. These composites consist of fibers in a matrix. The fibers may be short or discontinuous and randomly arranged continuous filaments arranged parallel to each other in the form of woven rovings (coUections of bundles of continuous filaments) or braided (8). In the case of chopped strand mat the random arrangement is planar. In whisker (needle-shaped crystals or filaments of carbon and ceramics) reinforced materials the arrangement is usually three-dimensional and the resulting composites are macroscopically homogeneous. 

Naturally, fibers and whiskers are of little use unless they are bonded together to take the form of a structural element that can carry loads. The binder material is usually called a matrix (not to be confused with the mathematical concept of a matrix). The purpose of the matrix is manifold support of the fibers or whiskers, protection of the fibers or whiskers, stress transfer between broken fibers or whiskers, etc. Typically, the matrix is of considerably lower density, stiffness, and strength than the fibers or whiskers. However, the combination of fibers or whiskers and a matrix can have very high strength and stiffness, yet still have low density. Matrix materials can be polymers, metals, ceramics, or carbon. The cost of each matrix escalates in that order as does the temperature resistance. 

Curing primarily refers to the process of solidification of polymer matrix materials. Metal matrix materials are simply heated and cooled around fibers to solidify. Ceramic matrix and carbon matrix materials are either vapor deposited, mixed with fibers in a slurry and hardened, or, in the case of carbon, subjected to repeated liquid infiltration followed by carbonization. Thus, we concentrate here on curing of polymers. 

Carbon-doped silicon carbide, 22 535 Carbon electrodes, 12 305, 752-758 furnaces using, 12 753 grades of, 72 754 in open-arc furnaces, 72 301 production of, 72 755 properties of, 72 755-756 Carbon elimination, in steelmaking, 23 258 Carbon fiber, 77 214-215 Carbon fiber ceramic-matrix composites, 26 773... 

Composites. See also Composite materials Composites. See also Laminates aluminum-filled, 10 15-28 carbon fiber, 26 745 ceramic-filled polymer, 10 15-16 ceramic-matrix, 5 551-581 conducting, 7 524 from cotton, 8 31 ferroelectric ceramic-polymer,... 

Donnet, J.B., Dong, S, Guilman, G., Brcndle, M. (1988). Carbon fibers electrochemical and plasma surface treatment. In Proc. ICCl-U, Interfaces in Polymer. Ceramic and Metal Matrix Composites (H. Ishida cd.), Elsevier Sci. Pub., New York, pp. 35-42. 

Dieffendorf, R. J. (1985). Comparison of the various new high modulus fibers for reinforcement of advanced composites with polymers, metals and ceramics as matrix, pp. 46-61. In Fitzer, E. ed. Carbon Fibers and Their Composites, Springer-Verlag, New York. 

Figure 3.37 CVI-laminated SiC (light) and carbon (dark) matrix layers surronnding carbon fibers. Reprinted, by permission, from W. J. Lackey, S. Vaidyaraman, and K. L. More, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 80, 113. Copyright 1997 by The American Ceramic Society.

Graphite fibers [CARBON AND GRAPHITE FIBERS] (Vol 5) [COMPOSITEMATERIALS - SURVEY] (Vol 7) as ceramic composite reinforcements [COMPOSITE MATERIALS - CERAMIC MATRIX] (Vol 7) useofbrominein [BROMINE] (Vol4)... 

This chapter describes the preparation and examination of ceramic matrix composites realized by the addition of different carbon polymorphs (carbon black nanograins, graphite micrograins, carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes) to silicon nitride matrices. In the following sections, structural, morphological and mechanical characteristics of carbon-containing silicon nitride ceramics are presented. 

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