Carbon fiber-polyester matrix

Short fiber reinforcement of TPEs has recently opened up a new era in the field of polymer technology. Vajrasthira et al. [22] studied the fiber-matrix interactions in short aramid fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. Campbell and Goettler [23] reported the reinforcement of TPE matrix by Santoweb fibers, whereas Akhtar et al. [24] reported the reinforcement of a TPE matrix by short silk fiber. The reinforcement of thermoplastic co-polyester and TPU by short aramid fiber was reported by Watson and Prances [25]. Roy and coworkers [26-28] studied the rheological, hysteresis, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical behavior of short carbon fiber-filled styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) block copolymers and TPEs derived from NR and high-density polyethylene (HOPE) blends. 

While carbon fiber (thickness on the order of 1000 nm) composites offer very strong materials, carbon nanotubes make even stronger composites. These carbon nanotubes have aspect ratios of over 1000 (ratio of length to diameter). Further, because some carbon nanotubes are electrically conductive, composites containing them can be made to be conductive. A number of carbon nanotube matrixes have been made including using a number of engineering resins, such as polyesters, nylons, polycarbonates, and PPE. 

Impact resistance of carbon-fiber composites or GRP with the three-component polymer matrix can be improved by the incorporation of a terephthalic acid/neo-pentyl glycol polyester [117], The polyester was carboxyl terminated by the addition of trimellitic anhydride to the terminal hydroxyls [118],... 

Typical values of 4 for carbon fibers in an epoxy matrix and for glass fiber in epoxy and polyester matrices are 0.2, 0.8, and 0.5mm, respectively. The average fiber stress Gf) can be determined by calculating the area under the stress versus fiber length curve and dividing it by the fiber length. For 1[Pg.689]

The matrix resins for foamed composites include rigid pol)ruretha-nes, unsaturated polyesters, vinyl esters, and their hybrid resins, such as, unsaturated polyester-urethane hybrid resins and vinyl ester-urethane hybrid resins. The reinforcing fibers include glass fibers, carbon fibers, and organic fibers such as polyamide fiber (Kevlar, DuPont), polyamide-... 

It is well accepted that the good properties of the isotactic polypropylene as an engineering polymer matrix in thermoplastic composite materials and engineering blends are seriously affected by the inability of this polymer to develop an adequate level of interfacial interaction with polar components such as mineral fillers (calcium carbonate) and reinforcements (talc, mica, wollastonite), synthetic reinforcements (glass fibers, carbon fibers, and nanotubes), or engineering polymers such as polyamide, aliphatic polyesters, and so on. 

The next most important class of resins used are the epoxide resins, developed over 50 years ago. They are more expensive than polyester resins but have superior mechanical properties and good resistance to alkaline conditions. Epoxides are by far the most widely used polymer matrix for carbon fibers and currently constitute over 90% of the matrix resin material used in advanced composites [1]. 

Eiber lengths between 5 and 10 mm are conveniently selected for the microindentation test (111). Eor a carbon fiber/epoxy system, as the fiber volume fraction increases from 10 to 50 vol%, the indentation displacement distance decreases from 44 to 36 pm but the interfacial shear strength increases from 33 to 46 MPa. When the interphase-to-matrix modulus ratio increases from 1.0 to 7.5, the interfacial shear stress increases by only 10%. Likewise, the interphase thickness and fiber diameter have marginal effects on the interfacial shear stress. Three types of thermoplastic polymers (polyester, polyamide, and polypropylene) were tested for their interfacial shear strength to the glass fiber by Desaeger and... 

Pultrusion is mainly used to process glass-, aramide-, carbon fiber rovings with a wide variety of thermoset matrices such as polyester-, vinylester- and epoxy-resins [10]. The processing speed can be up to 5 m/min. In addition, thermoplastic matrix based composite pultrusion has been developed over the last 20 years. Due to the higher viscosity of thermoplastics in compaxison to thermosets, the processing speed is about ten times slower in terms of thermoplastic pultrusion [11]. 

There are many fibers of S3mthetic origin, most of them spun or extrusion-drawn semicrystalline polymers (e.g., polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters), which are not used as fillers for polymers. The main reason is that, for a material to play a potential reinforcement role as a filler for polymer, large differences in certain key properties must exist between the filler and the polymer matrix. It follows that only three types (or classes) of fibrous products can be considered as valid short synthetic fibers candidates for polymer reinforcement glass fibers, carbon fibers and aramid fibers. 

FIGURE 13.12 Composite coefficient of friction for polyester-based matrix material. Symbol legend Glass fiber-reinforced polymer O-parallel, A-antiparallel, Steel-reinforced polymer -parallel, A-antiparallel, H-normal, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer -parallel, A-antiparallel, B-normal. (Reprinted from Friction and Wear of Polymer Composites, Composite Materials Series, Friedrich, K., ed., 1, T. Tsnkizoe and N. Ohmae, pp. 212-220, Elsevier, New York, 1986, with permission from Elsevier.)... 

Hybrid Nanocomposites of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Grown on Carbon fiber in Polyester Matrix with Improved Thermomechanical Properties... 

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