Germicidal surfactants

Quadrilan . [HarcrosUK] Andstat, germicide, surfactant, emulsifier. 

In the middle of the 20 century carboxymethylated fatty (poly)amine derivatives gain currency as relatively mild germicidal surfactants [56, 57, 103]. They are derived from linear amines, such as the alkylamidoethylenediamine, and sodium chloroacetate, as presented below ... 

Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Germicide surfactant, antimicrobial, antistat, emulsifier in cosmetics... 

Iodine is extensively used in a variety of forms as both an antiseptic and a disinfectant. lodophors, usually nonionic surfactants (qv) complexed with iodine, were developed for more readily usable iodine-based antiseptics and disinfectants. These are used as disinfectants in dairies, laboratories, and food processing (qv) plants, and for sanitation of dishes in restaurants. The reaction product of lanolin and iodine shows utiHty as a germicide (149). 

Uses of quaternary ammonium compounds range from surfactants to germicides and encompass a number of diverse industries (see Table 1). 

Abbreviations of prominent use properties of the various classes of commercial surfactants are shown in Table 1. Antimicrobial activity includes germicidal, bactericidal, and bacteriostatic effects emolliency describes lubrication or a soft feel imparted to skin by surfactants a hair conditioner is a substantive surfactant appHed from aqueous solution to impart a lubricating or antistatic effect and opacifters are used to thicken hand-dishwashing products and cosmetic preparations to convey an appearance of high concentration and to retard solvent drainage from foam. 

Many benzenoid quaternary cationic surfactants possess germicidal, fungicidal, or algicidal activity. Solutions of such compounds, alone or in combination with nonionic surfactants, are used as detergent sanitizers in hospital maintenance. Classified as biocidal products, their labeling is regulated by the U.S. EPA. The 1993 U.S. shipments of cationic surfactants represented 16% of the total sales value of surfactant production. Some of this production is used for the preparation of more highly substituted derivatives (101). 

Contrary to anionic and nonionic agents, they have poor detergency and are used more in the preparation of germicides, fabric softeners, and emulsifiers. Amphoteric surfactants are produced in much smaller amounts (5xl04 metric tons, near to 2% of the total production) [125] they are biodegradable and their ecotoxicological importance can be considered low. Their environmental occurrence up to know has been just occasional. 

Commercially important surfactants based on heterocyclic structures are relatively few in number (B-80MI11510) the most important are the cationic compounds derived from imidazoline (48). Cetyl pyridinium halides (49) are used as germicides and sanitizing agents. Piperidinium (50) and morpholinium (51) compounds find application in hair conditioning formulations as antistatic agents. Substituted oxazolines (52) are a class of cationic dispersants and corrosion inhibitors. 

Ingredients % bv Weight Aerosol A-102 Surfactant 60.0 Mineral Oil 10.0 Coconut Oil 5.0 n-Propanol or Isopropanol 5.0 Triethanolamine 0.5 Germicide 0.1 Water 19.4... 

Cationic surfactants are used in only limited tonnage for specially detergent products, such us metal cleaners for electroplating, and more commonly in ancillary textile laundering products for their fabric-softening, antistatic, and germicidal properties. A typical canonic surfactant would be tallow trimetbylammoniuin chloride ... 

Anionics are the most widely used surfactants on account of cost and performance. Cationics are expensive, but their germicidal action makes them useful for some applications. An advantage enjoyed by non-ionics is that the lengths of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups can be varied. 

Cationic surfactants tend to be specialty items that are tailored for diverse uses such as germicides, textile applications, corrosion inhibitors, and fabric softeners. Their primary growth has been in fabric softeners for home laundry detergents. Because cationics are antistatic agents, they perform well in removing static charges associated with synthetic fabrics. 

Several factors may influence the success or failure of a preservative to protect a formulation against microbial contamination. These factors include the interaction of the preservative with surfactants, active substances, other components of the vehicle, sorption by the polymeric packaging materials, and product storage temperature. Although hundreds of chemicals can fimction as germicides, only a few substances have made it to the marketplace. The small list is not based as much on a compound s effectiveness as an antimicrobial agent as on the compound s safety and effectiveness in the final product. 

Comments cationic emulsifying wax is claimed to be of particular value in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations when cationic characteristics are important. Thus it can be used in medicated creams, germicidal creams, ointments and lotions, hair conditioners, baby creams, and skin care products in which cationic compounds are included. Cationic emulsifying wax is compatible with cationic and nonionic materials, but is incompatible with anionic surfactants and drugs. Additional antimicrobial preservatives should be included in creams. Cetrimide may cause irritation to the eye see Cetrimide. 

CAE. [Ajinomoto] PCA ethyl coooyl arginate cationic surfactant foamer, andstat peservative, antiseptic, germicide, disinfectant in cosmetics, deto -goits, dentifrices, medical supplies. 

Nissan Amine. [Nippon Oils Fats] Amines inteim ate for cationic surfactants anticorrosive agent germicide, wetting agent mold release s oit softener, emulsifier, dispersant intermediate used in textiles, water treatment concrete, asfrfialt t culture, ceramics. 

Petro . [Witco/Otganics] AO l nq)h-dialene sulfonates hydrotrope, surfactant, germicide, detergent, dispersant, wetting agent for agtic., industrial and... 

USE Cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant germicide and fungicide. Used in leather processing, textile dyeing. A mildew preventive in silicone-based water repellents. Compatible with many non-ionic detergents. Active in moderately alkaline solns. 

USE Cationic emulsifier deodorant detergent germicide antistatic agent. Pharmaceutic aid (surfactant). 

Anacardol, tetrahydro- Cyclogallipharaol EINECS 207-921-9 Hydrocardanol Hydroginkgol 3-Pentadecylphenol 3-n-Pentadecylphenol m-Pentadecylphenol NSC 9781 Phenol, 3-pentadecyl- Phenol, m-pentadecyl- Xetrahydroanacardol. Starting raw material for surfactants, antioxidants, anticorrosives lubricant additive cosolvent for insecticides, germicides resin modifier. Needles, mp = 53.5° bps = 230°, bpi = 190-195° very soluble in MezCO, CeHe, EtOH. Whitecouit. 

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