Algicidal activity

Many benzenoid quaternary cationic surfactants possess germicidal, fungicidal, or algicidal activity. Solutions of such compounds, alone or in combination with nonionic surfactants, are used as detergent sanitizers in hospital maintenance. Classified as biocidal products, their labeling is regulated by the U.S. EPA. The 1993 U.S. shipments of cationic surfactants represented 16% of the total sales value of surfactant production. Some of this production is used for the preparation of more highly substituted derivatives (101). 

In continuation to our studies in area the preparation and investigation of bioactive benzoquinones [2-4] we report in this work the preparation and evaluation of algicidal activity of abenquines and new analogues. With this aim, variations were introduced in their scaffold by either replacing the amino acid substituent with different amines, or adding a bulky group through the substitution of the acetyl for a... 

Moody, R.P.M. "Algicidal Activity of Formulated Fenitro-thion", 1982, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Ottawa,... 

Another report in 2003 described the isolation and characterization of bacillamide (87) from a marine bacterium Bacillus sp. SY-1 [105]. This indole-containing alkaloid interestingly has both algicidal activity and potent activity against the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykiroidcs... 

Antimicrobials. Surface-bonded organosilicon quaternary ammonium chlorides have enhanced antimicrobial and algicidal activity (33). Thus, the hydroysis product of dimethyloctadecyl-3-trimethoxysilylpropylammonium chloride [27668-52-6] exhibits antimicrobial activity against a broad range of microorganisms while chemically bonded to a variety of surfaces. The chemical is not removed from surfaces by repeated washing with water, and its antimicrobial activity is not attributed to a slow release of the chemical but rather to the surface-bonded chemical. 

A new algicide, bacillamide 348, was isolated from the marine bacterium Bacillus sp. SY-l. " This compound showed algicidal activity... 

Walters, P. A., Abbott, E. A., and Isquith, A. ]. "Algicidal activity of a surface-bonded organosilicon quaternary ammonium chloride Appl. Microbiol. 1972. 

Alamsjah, M. A., Hirao, S., Ishibashi, F., Oda, T., and Fujita, Y. (2008). Algicidal activity of polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from Ulva fasciata and U. pertusa (Ulvaceae, Chlor-ophyta) on phytoplankton. /. Appl. Phycol. 20, 713-720. 

In 1986 Claus Kramer reported on the algicidal activity of single nitrobenzenes against Chlorella vulgaris. (13) For these substituted nitrobenzenes we observed through our analysis of the reported biological activity a linear relationship between algicidal activity and an electronic parameter. 

The more electron withdrawing analogs showed the highest level of algicidal activity. The inqplication is that the algicidal activity involves nitro group reduction, and specifically, more easily reduced conqpounds are the more active. 

Taking together the biological activity, the physicochemical and toxicological data, N-Cyclohexyl-benzo-thiophen-2-carboxamid-S,S-dioxid was the best candidate for the use in waterbased emulsion paints and was developed as Preventol TP OC 3082 and TP OC 3061 by Bayer. As can be seen from Table 2, it has a broad fungicidal and a slight algicidal activity. 

From the plant protection area there are further herbicides available with significant algicidal activity. Due to the severe regulation requirements and the reluctance of the pesticide companies to apply plant protection agents outside their control further spin-offs are not easily achieved, but it seems to be the only option for innovation on molecular basis in the field. 

TBTN exhibits fungicidal and algicidal activity and has been used as an active ingredient in antifouling paints and wood preservatives. The fungicidal activity of TBTN directs preferably at wood-destroying fungi. Due to the lower tributyltin content compared with TBTO (19.5.) approximately double the addition rates have to be applied. 

In contrast. Mole and Waterman (147), using in vitro model studies, have demonstrated that both hydrolyzable and condensed tannins may stimulate tryptic hydrolysis due to tannin-induced structural changes in the substrate protein. Condensed tannins have also been shown to possess algicidal activity (18). Much work remains to be done on the ecological role of tannins, which should be a fruitful field of research now that tannins of defined structure are readily available. 

Algicidal activity Plumieride coumarate glucoside Monoterpene 224... 

Wang, X., Gong, L., Liang, S., Han, X., Zhu, C., Li, Y. Algicidal activity of rhamnohpid biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Harmful Algae 2005,4,433-443. 

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