Genotoxicity studies

Genotoxicity studies are required to identify compounds that can induce genetic damage ranging from single point gene mutations to gross alterations of chromosomal structure. Such effects are taken as indicative of the potential to cause cancer or heritable defects in humans. A standard battery of three types of test is recommended  

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GL23 Safety genotoxicity Studies to evaluate the safety of residues of veterinary drug in human food genotoxicity testing... 

Xamena N, Velazquez A, Batiste-Alentom M, et al. 1988. Genotoxicity studies with four organophosphorus insecticides using the unstable white-zeste system of drosophila melanogaster. Mutat Res 204 251-256. 

In summary, genotoxicity studies of endosulfan have provided evidence that this compound is mutagenic and clastogenic, and that it induces effects on cell cycle kinetics in two different mammalian species. However, some of these data may be suspect because some formulations of endosulfan have contained epichlorohydrin, a known genotoxic chemical, as a stabilizer (Hoechst 1990). It should be noted that humans may also be exposed to epichlorohydrin along with endosulfan. 

Rasmussen K, Sabroe S, Wohlert M, et al. 1988. A genotoxic study of metal workers exposed to trichloroethylene Sperm parameters and chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 60 419-423. 

The results of these genotoxicity studies are summarized in Table 2-3 and Table 2-4. 

Organophosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluids. No studies were located regarding genotoxic effects in humans or animals after inhalation exposure to organophosphate ester hydraulic fluids. Genotoxicity studies for organophosphate ester hydraulic fluids are discussed in Section 2.5. 

Other genotoxicity studies for organophosphate ester hydraulic fluids are discussed in Section 2.5. 

Genotoxic Effects. The Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium with and without s9 liver fractions from male Syrian golden hamsters or Sprague-Dawley rats indicates that hydrogen sulfide is not a mutagen (EPA 1984). A summary of genotoxicity studies is presented in Table 2-3. 

Genotoxic studies regarding acute human exposure to phosgene were not available. 

In a battery of mutagenicity and genotoxicity studies, PGDN tested negative except in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells where it induced mutations at... 

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