Genomics health

Oncotype DX (a 21-gene signature) of Genomic Health (Redwood City, CA) is another commercially available gene test for breast cancer. It is currently applied in clinics to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative, and estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer (28). 

Despite the fact that each of these proposed mechanisms may provide an insight into the action of dairy products on health, it is likely a complex interplay between all of these identified factors exists. Furthermore, as nutrition science continues to evolve consideration of the effect of dairy products on genome health may further explain proposed mechanism of action for favorable health outcomes reported. 

While such work is still in its infancy, exposing the position of dairy products on genome health may complete the "mechanistic puzzle" regarding dairy products and health. 

Recurrence score (RS) Prognostic and predictive use in ER-r, lymph node negative tumors RT-PCR quantitative Low risk Intermediate High risk FFPE acceptable oncotype DX (Genomic Health Inc., Redwood City, CA)... 

Fenech, M., Genome health nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics—Diagnosis and nutritional treatment of genome damage on an individual basis. Food Chem. Toxicol., 46,1365, 2008. 

The International Human Genome Sequencing Consor tium was headed by Francis S Collins of the U S National Institutes of Health J Craig Venter led the Celera effort... 

Viruses are small infectious agents composed of a nucleic acid genome (DNA or RNA) encased by structural proteins and in some cases a lipid envelope. They are the causative agents of a number of human infectious diseases, the most important for public health today being acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis, influenza, measles, and vituses causing diarrhoea (e.g., rotavirus). In addition, certain viruses contribute to the development of cancer. Antiviral drugs inhibit viral replication by specifically targeting viral enzymes or functions and are used to treat specific virus-associated diseases. 

Acknowledgments This is part of the activities of the VIRGIL European Network of ExceUence on Antiviral Drug Resistance supported by a grant (LSHM-CT-2004-503359) from the Priority 1 Life Sciences, Genomics and Biotechnology for Health and is supported by a grant from the FWO (no. G.0267.04). 

Despite the availability of an effective HBV vaccine, the virus is still a major health problem with approximately 350 million persons infected worldwide. Hepatitis an infection of the liver that is caused by a variety of RNA viruses (hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus). RNAi has been used to inhibit HBV replication both in vitro and in vivo (Carmona et al. 2006 Ely et al. 2008 Hamasaki et al. 2003 Klein et al. 2003 Konishi et al. 2003 Weinberg et al. 2007 Ying et al. 2003). HBV is a member of the Hepadnaviridae and its genome is a 3.2-kb double-stranded circular DNA. Synthetic siRNAs and shRNA expression constructs showed potent inhibition of HBV replication in mice (Chen et al. 2005, 2007 GUadi et al. 2003 McCaffrey et al. 2003 Morrissey et al. 2005b Shin et al. 2006 Wu et al. 2005b ... 

Extensive information about the Human Genome Project.) National Institutes of Health (NIH) http //www.nih.gov/... 

DELLAPENNA D (1999) Nutritional genomics manipulating plant micronutrients to improve human health. Science. 285 375-9. 

Genomic and molecular tools have made great impacts on plant biotechnology and offer potential for manipulation of carotenoids as natural colorants and also for applications in human and animal health. While microbial and other non-plant systems have been successfully used, plant modification eliminates need for expensive bioreactors and offers economically feasible opportunities for less developed nations for production of nutraceuticals and other chemical products. 

The biosphere includes ecological niches where microbes peacefully co-exist with their eukaryotic host in the human this includes the concept of the micro-biome [14], which is defined as the totality of microbial organisms that co-habit with human beings. On the other hand, microbial colonization of human mucosal surfaces or prosthetic devices, often results in the development of biofilms, with significant deleterious effects on human health [15]. These are some of the challenges in infectious diseases that reflect the need to maximally utilize genomic sequence information and related sciences to better control microbial disease in human populations, and to develop anti-microbial agents with a better therapeutic index. 

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