Gene tests

Sachse C, Brockmoller J, Bauer S, Roots I. Functional significance of a C—>A polymorphism in intron 1 of the cytochrome P450 CYP1A2 gene tested with caffeine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999 47(4) 445—449. 

American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG), "Position Statement on Gene Patents and Accessibility of Gene Testing," Genet Aw. Med., 1, 237 (1999). 

In a response published in The Lancet to the question "If I had a gene test, what would I have and who would I tell," Motulsky (1999) emphasized the... 

Gene Tests - DNA tests ordered by healthcare professionals http //www.genetests.org query testid=246664... 

Source. Access Excellence Resource Center. Understanding Gene Testing. http //www.acces-sexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/NIH/gene03.html [accessed January 30,2003]. 

Keku, T. O., T. Rakhra-Burris, and R. Millikan. Gene Testing What the Health Professional Needs to Know Journal of Nutrition 133 no. 11 (2003) 3754S-3757. 

The U.S. FDA recently approved the first gene test for cancer, MammaPrint (the 70-gene signature) of Agendia (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) (18), for node-negative women under 61 years of age with primary breast cancer tumors. 

Oncotype DX (a 21-gene signature) of Genomic Health (Redwood City, CA) is another commercially available gene test for breast cancer. It is currently applied in clinics to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative, and estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer (28). 

Gene testing means examining the DNA of a person, usually taken from cells in a sample of blood or from other body fluids or tissues. It is done to look for some change that signals a disease or disorder. 

Brinson EC, Adriano T, Bloch W, Brown CL, Chang CC, Chen J, Eggerding FA, Grossman PD, Iovannisci DA, Madonik AM, Sherman DG, Tam RW, Winn-Deen ES, Woo SL, Fung S. Introduction to PCR/OLA/SCS, a multiplex DNA test, and its application to cystic fibrosis. Gene Test 1997 1 61-68. 

Note that performing multiple hypothesis tests (e.g., Student s t-test) may inflate the false positive rate. That is, the number of genes detected as active by chance alone will increase with the number of genes tested. For example, a microarray with 7000 features would require at least 7000 hypothesis tests per treatment comparison. Several methods have been developed to control the false positive rate, such as the conservative Bonferroni correction and the FDR control method (49). 

Technology name Target gene Tested cells Refs. 

Gene testing may involve direct examination of the DNA molecule, biochemical tests for the gene products or chromosomal analysis. Genetic tests are used for several reasons, including ... 

The amplicons prepared are subsequently analyzed by a variety of methods. They can be hybridized to oligonucleotide probes in reverse or forward dot-blot assays. The panel of probes is chosen to cover critical polymorphic positions in the HLA gene tested. The pattern of reactivity of the panel can then be analyzed to assign allele identities. ... 

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