Molecular tool

Supposing that scientists succeed in constmcting molecular tools, they must overcome another obstacle for nanotechnology to be effective. A medical nanosubmarine is likely to contain about a billion (10 ) atoms. At an assembly speed of one atom per second, it would take 10 seconds to constmct one such device. That s almost 32 years If the assembly rate can be increased to one atom per micro-second, the constmction time for a 1-billion-atom machine drops to 1000 seconds, or just under 17 minutes. That s not bad if only a few machines are needed, but molecular machines are tiny, so large numbers of machines will be required for any practical application. Consequently, scientists will have to discover ways to mass-produce nanodevices. 

Genomic and molecular tools have made great impacts on plant biotechnology and offer potential for manipulation of carotenoids as natural colorants and also for applications in human and animal health. While microbial and other non-plant systems have been successfully used, plant modification eliminates need for expensive bioreactors and offers economically feasible opportunities for less developed nations for production of nutraceuticals and other chemical products. 

Figure 85 Some carborane-containing molecular tools (159,160, and 161) in the molecular construction kit for the construction of carborane-containing grid-shaped polymers.

Comes, A.M., Humbert, J.F., Cabaret, J. and Elard, L. (1996) Using molecular tools for diagnosis in veterinary parasitology. Veterinary Research 27, 333-342. 

Boas, U., Christensen, J.B. and Heegaard, P.M.H. (2006) Dendrimers in Medicine and Biotechnology New Molecular Tools. Royal Society of Chemistry. 

Khelifi E, Bouallagui H, Touhami Y, Godon JJ, Hamdi M (2009) Bacterial monitoring by molecular tools of a continuous stirred tank reactor treating textile wastewater. Bioresour Technol 100 629-633... 

Keywords Comparison Functional diversity Molecular tool Organic farming Soil processes... 

The Use of Molecular Tools to Characterize Patterns of Gene Response Involved in Macroalgal Defenses... 

The recently cloned SPHK and SIP phosphatase have been used as molecular tools to examine the physiological roles of sphingosine and SIP. 

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