1000 Genomes project

The human genome consisting 2.91 billion bp of DNA has been completely sequenced (Venter et al, 2001) 

Given the sequence information it will be possible to investigate the roles of all of the gene products, how they are controlled and interact, and their possible involvanent in health and disease. The annotation of human DNA sequence will take several forms, including  

Human sequences, mapping and annotation Ensembl http //www.ensembl.org/ 

IXDB http //ixdb.mpimg-berhn-dahlem.mpg.de/ 

CYGD http //mips.gsfde/proj/yeast 

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SK Burley, SC Almo, JB Bonano, M Capel, MR Chance, T Gaasterland, D Lm, A Sail, EW Studier, S Swammathan. Structural genomics Beyond the human genome project. Nat Genet 23 151-157, 1999. 

Wn, R., 1993. Development of enzyme-ba.sed mediods for DNA. sequence analy.sis and dieir application in genome projects. Methods in Enzymology 67 431-468. 

The Human Genome Project is also vital to medicine. A number of human diseases have been traced to genetic defects, whose positions within the human genome have been identified. Among these are... 

CAM-PC is a general purpose CA software simulation environment based on CAM-6, Designed by members of the GENOME Project at Eotvos University in Hungary, the first version of CAM-PC extends the possibilities of CAM-6 but is not yet fully compatible with it. The primary addition is support for 8 bit planes, increasing the size of CAM-6 s ccdl-statc alphabet to 256, The laudable purpose behind the project is to provide inexpensive but otherwise fully functional simulation tools for amateur researchers unable to afford faster dedicatcxl hardware. 

The increased speed of structure determination necessary for the structural genomics projects makes an independent validation of the structures (by comparison to expected properties) particularly important. Structure validation helps to correct obvious errors (e.g. in the covalent structure) and leads to a more standardised representation of structural data, e.g. by agreeing on a common atom name nomenclature. The knowledge of the structure quality is a prerequisite for further use of the structure, e.g. in molecular modelling or drug design. 

Structural genomics is the systematic effort to gain a complete structural description of a defined set of molecules, ultimately for an organism s entire proteome. Structural genomics projects apply X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy in a high-throughput manner. 

From the human genome project it is known, that roughly 30,000 proteins exist in humans. Currently only the 3D-structures of few thousand human pr oteins or protein domains are known. Structures of membrane-bound proteins are several magnitudes rarer. Beside efforts to solve further structures like structural genomics, there is a challenge for computational approaches to predict structures and function for homologous proteins. 

CYP2J2 is abundant in cardiovascular tissue and active in the metabolism of arachidonic acid to eicosanoids that possess potent anti-inflammatory, vaso-dilatory, and fibrinolytic properties. Polymorphic alleles with reduced function are known. Some other CYP2 subfamilies and isozymes listed in Table 1 are still not well characterized, in part because most of them were discovered in the course of the human genome project. 

The genome projects produce an enormous amount of sequence data that needs to be annotated in terms of molecular structure and biological function. 

The need to develop new materials for electrophoretic analysis and macromolecular separations prompted by the needs of the human genome project and the rapidly advancing fields associated with biotechnology, advances in the development of new analytical instrumentation—especially capillary electrophoresis, and practical limitations of the media currently used for gel electrophoresis [73]... 

Wilson SH, Olden K. The environmental genome project phase I and beyond. Mol Interv 2004 4 147-56. 

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