Cloned genes

The basic steps of gene cloning first involve cutting a precise DNA segment (gene) from a donor source DNA by use of a restriction enzyme (Figure 45.2). At the same time, a small looped... 

Gene cloning is a method that uses recombinant technology to insert a gene into a vector DNA (plasmid obtained from a bacterium). The modified vector is put back into the bacterium, which then reproduces endlessly (clones) the new gene as well as the others in the vector. 

Other Microbial Systems. In addition to the systems described, gene cloning is routinely performed in several other bacterial strains including Streptoccocus Staphylococcus Brevibacterium BJdodobacter Comyebacterium Glucanobacter Acetobacter and Zanthomonas species. 

Haygood, M. G., and Cohn, D. H. (1986). Luciferase genes cloned from the unculturable luminous bacteroid symbiont of the Caribbean flashlight fish, Kryptophanaron alfredi. Gene 45 203-209. 

Clearly the genes, yet to be identified, which control ABA synthesis will be of interest and should offer another class of stress-inducible promoter and enhancer elements. Some intense biochemistry and protein chemistry lie ahead for those who undertake this gene cloning exercise via the cDNA route. 

Takamiya, K., Tsuchiya, T., and Ohta, H., Degradation pathway(s) of chlorophyll What has gene cloning revealed Trends Plant Sci., 5, 426, 2000. 

The discovery and exploitation of enzymes in aldoxime-nitrile pathway nitrile hydratase, amidase, nitrilase, aldoxime dehydratase, etc., are shown along with the use of methodologies, such as organic chemistry, microbial screening by enrichment and acclimation culture techniques, enzyme purification, gene cloning, molecular screening by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 

Sutherland TD, I Home, RJ Russell, JG Oakeshott (2002) Gene cloning and molecular characterization of a two-enzyme system catalyzing the oxidative detoxification of 3-endosulfan. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 6237-6245. 

Jandyala D, M Berman, PD Myers, BT Sewell, RC Willson, MJ Benedik (2003) CynD, the cyanide dihydratase from Bacillus pumilus gene cloning and structural studies. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 4794-4805. 

Nardi-Del V T, C Kutihara, C Park, N Esaki, K Soda (1997) Bacterial DL-2-haloacid dehalogenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain 113 gene cloning and structural comparison with D- and L-2-haloacid dehalogenases. J Bacterial 179 4232-4238. 

Tehara SK, JD Keasling (2003) Gene cloning, purification, and characterization of a phosphodiesterase from Delftia acidovorans. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 504-508. 

Combadiere C, Gao J, Tiffany HL, Murphy PM. Gene cloning, RNA distribution, and functional expression of mCX3CRl, a mouse chemotactic receptor for the CX3C chemokine fractalkine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998 253(3) 728-732. 

Yamada, M., Y. Okada et al. (2007). Purification, characterization and gene cloning of isoeugenol-degrading enzyme from Pseudomonas putida IE27. Arch. Microbiol. 187(6) 511-517. 

Traiffort, E., Vizuete, M. L., Tardivel-Lacombe, J. et at (1995). The guinea pig histamine H2 receptor gene cloning, tissue expression and chromosomal localization of its human counterpart. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 211, 570-7. 

Figure 5.15 The filamentous single-stranded DNA bacteriophage fd. Orientation of the proteins and genes in the virion. Note the intergenic space which contains the origin of DNA synthesis. Gene cloning is done in this intergenic space.

Kataoka, M., Hoshino-Hasegawa, A., Thiwthong, R. et al. (2006) Gene cloning of an NADPH-dependent menadione reductase from Candidamacedoniensis, and its application to chiral alcohol production. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 38 (7), 944—951. 

Inoue, K., Makino, Y., Dairi, T. and Itoh, N. (2006) Gene cloning and expression of Leifsonia alcohol dehydrogenase (LSADH) involved in asymmetric hydrogen-transfer bioreduction to produce (/ )-form chiral alcohols. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 70 (2), 418-426. 

Gene cloning and sequencing. Nucleotide sequence EMBL X98131 (OR) and EMBL Y12654... 

Ohshiro, T. Yamada, H. Shimoda, T., et al., Thermostable Flavin Reductase That Couples With Dibenzothiophene Monooxygenase, From Thermophilic Bacillus Sp DSM411 Purification, Characterization, and Gene Cloning. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2004. 68(8) pp. 1712-1721. 

Szumlanski C, Otterness D, Her C et al. Thiopurine methyltransferase pharmacogenetics human gene cloning and characterization of a common polymorphism. DNA Cell Biol 1996 15 17— 30. 

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