Genes and Cloning

Sutherland TD, I Home, RJ Russell, JG Oakeshott (2002) Gene cloning and molecular characterization of a two-enzyme system catalyzing the oxidative detoxification of 3-endosulfan. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 6237-6245. 

Jandyala D, M Berman, PD Myers, BT Sewell, RC Willson, MJ Benedik (2003) CynD, the cyanide dihydratase from Bacillus pumilus gene cloning and structural studies. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 4794-4805. 

Nardi-Del V T, C Kutihara, C Park, N Esaki, K Soda (1997) Bacterial DL-2-haloacid dehalogenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain 113 gene cloning and structural comparison with D- and L-2-haloacid dehalogenases. J Bacterial 179 4232-4238. 

Inoue, K., Makino, Y., Dairi, T. and Itoh, N. (2006) Gene cloning and expression of Leifsonia alcohol dehydrogenase (LSADH) involved in asymmetric hydrogen-transfer bioreduction to produce (/ )-form chiral alcohols. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 70 (2), 418-426. 

Gene cloning and sequencing. Nucleotide sequence EMBL X98131 (OR) and EMBL Y12654... 

Szumlanski C, Otterness D, Her C et al. Thiopurine methyltransferase pharmacogenetics human gene cloning and characterization of a common polymorphism. DNA Cell Biol 1996 15 17— 30. 

D. Zhang, X. Li, and L. H. Zhang, Isomaltulose synthase from Klebsiella sp. strain LX3 Gene cloning and characterization and engineering of thermostability, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68 (2002) 2676-2682. 

Brown, T. 2006. Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis, an Introduction. Blackwell Science, UK. 

The first two reported studies concern the epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger (ANEH) 95,96). The enzyme had previously been purified to homogeneity, the gene cloned and expressed in E. coli, and the catalytic hydrolysis of epoxides optimized to high substrate concentrations. Initial attempts were made to enhance the enantioselectivity of the ANEH-catalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution of glycidyl phenyl ether (rac-33). The WT leads to an E value of only 4.6 in favor of (5)-34 96). 

According to one estimate, the total dose of enzyme needed for each patient requires extraction of material from approximately 50,000 placentae or 100 millions placentae for the 2000 patients currently on enzyme replacement therapy. With the gene cloned and expressed in large quantities in a fully glycosylated human recombinant form in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the availability of the enzyme is less restricted. However, the cost of manufacturing remains high, partly due to the relatively high dose of enzyme needed to produce therapeutic effects. Annual cost of enzyme replacement therapy may be upward of 80,000 for each patient. 

F. S. Collins, and L-C. Tsui, Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene Cloning and characterization of complementary DNA. Science 245 1066-1073, 1989. 

K. Soda, Gene cloning and sequence determination of leudne dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus and structural comparison with other NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenases, Biochemistry 1988, 27, 9056-9062. 

Schmidt, T. M., E. F. DeLong, and N. R. Pace. 1991. Analysis of a marine picoplankton community by 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. Journal of Bacteriology 173 4371-4378. 

DA Hopwood, MJ Bibb, KF Chater, T Kieser. Plasmid and phage vectors for gene cloning and analysis in Streptomyces. Meth Enzymol 153 116-167, 1987. 

Insulin receptor gene cloned and mapped to chromosome 19p 13.2-13.3 5... 

Riordan JR, Rommens JM, Kerem B, Alon N, Rozmahel R, Grzelczak Z, Zielenski J, Lok S, Plavsic N, Chou JL, Drumm ML, Iannuzzi MC, Collins F, Tsui LC. Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene cloning and characterization of complementary DNA. Science 1989 245 1066-1073. 

Brown, T. A. (1994) DNA Sequencing A Practical Approach. IRL Press. Oxford, U.K. Brown, T. A. (2001) Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis, 4th edition. Blackwell Science, Malden, MA. 

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