Generic studies

Winkler, M. Use of generic studies and scale down models in process validation. IBC Process Validation for Biologicals. San Diego, CA, Feb. 14-15, 2000. 

Generic studies describing chemicai migration from snack food packaging... 

Generic studies of geologic disposal conducted by the Swedish KBS, the Commission of European Communities (CEC), and others have concluded that geologic disposal systems can achieve an acceptable level of safety to protect future generations from the radiological hazards associated with these wastes. 

Boughman JA, Conneally PM, Nance WE. 1980. Population generic studies of retinitis pigmentosa. Am J Hum Genet 32 223-235. 

In a generic study, sol-gel-derived titania films were deposited to mimic as closely as possible the native oxide layer found on titanium implants (Haddow et al., 1996). The effects of dip rate, sintering temperature and time on the chemical composition of the films, their physical structure and thickness, and adherence to a silica substrate were investigated. These films are to be used as substrates in an in vitro model of osseointegration. 

Gutters, N., 2003. A generic study of discrete fracture network transport properties using fracman/mafic. R-03-XX, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB). Gutters, N. and Shuttle, D., 2000. Sensitivity analysis of a discrete fracture network model... 

As an example for the use of field data (in this case, a combination of a generic study, a field-effect study and a field residue study), the following case study is presented the agricultural scenario was a spray application of an organothio-phosphate insecticide in arable crops. Due to the inherent bird toxicity (e.g., LDjq 10 mg a.s./kg bw) estimated according to the EU Guidance Document SANCO/4145/2000, the acute TER is < 0.5 within a Tier 1 risk assessment [1]. Since the trigger value within the EU (> 10) is not met, a refined risk assessment is necessary. As a consequence, a field study was conducted to derive refined exposure parameters for small insectivorous birds in an arable crop. Furthermore, the effects of the product on the population were recorded. The field work of the... 

Naylor H., Turner P, Vaughan DJ., Boyce A.J, and Fallick A.E., 1989, Generic studies of redbed mineralisation in the Triassic of the Cheshire basin, northwest England. 7- Oeol. Soc. Land., 146, 685-d99. 

Simple deterministic models may suffice for the purposes of a generic study concerning a well-defined use of the product. For other situations, more elaborate models that cover in detail a sufficient number of exposure scenarios should be used. 

EFR Reference Design Feedback from Operating Plant Experience Generic studies... 

The generic studies, which address fundamental fast reactor concerns are of broad interest generally to sodium cooled fast reactors and are not specific to a particular design so have elements which form part of the international collaboration. The studies are in continuity with Phase 2 and take into account the recommendations from the Ad Hoc Safety Club, the group of European independent safety specialists who assessed the safety of the EFR design and the evolution of the safety requirements for future plants. The generic tasks include ... 

Spatiai Generic Study and Biock Groups Census Biocks to... 

OECD NEA CSNI Report No. 168 (Restricted) Generic study of events involving loss of residual heat removal function prepared by experts of PWG 1 Nov. 1989. 

These three criteria will now be examined in detail. Section.s. . l-IO will describe 10 generic studies. They have been chosen to illustrate the complementarity of surface and interface investigations, in relation to the above three criteria, in the implementation of the top-down approach to the field of analytical trilKilogy. 

Figure 3. Time-scale criteria combining friction experiments and the surface analysis in different modes. Letters in the right-hand column refer to the generic studies in Section 3 which illustrate the use of the conre.sponding technique.

These three modes allow the identification of friction-induced surface modifications, such as the development of transfer films, tribochemical phase formation, or the removal of material and lubricant films by wear. Correlations may be revealed which would help to elucidate the friction and wear mechanisms. There follows a description of these modes, with emphasis on their interests, potentialities, and limitations, as illustrated by the generic studies developed in Section 3, and summarized in Fig. 3. 

Chemical bonding Oxidation state Orbital hybridization Local order Crystalline structure See generic studies ... 

Right-hand column refers to generic studies illustrating in Section the use of the corresponding techniques. 

Whereas the previous generic study placed emphasis on the durability of M0S2 as a lubricant, the present one focuses on its low friction properties. Many tribological and analytical investigations have been devoted to this subject. in particular by Didziulis and Fleischauer [371 tmd by Roberts [38]. In... 

The rules that govern the formation of specific interfaces are only partly understood, and much of what we know about them derives from the data acquired over the years by structural biologists, and stored in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The PDB contained over 96,000 entries at the end of 2013, and more than 9000 new entries have been deposited that year. These entries report the structure of many binary protein-protein complexes and oligomeric (multisubunit) proteins and of a few large assemblies such as ATP synthase" or the ribosome. " The PDB is a rich source of information on protein-protein interaction, and the protein-protein complexes present in it have been subjected to a number of generic studies over the years.These studies stressed the diversity of the protein-protein interfaces, but they also pointed out some common properties. Features such as the interface size, geometry, chemical composition, and conservation in evolution can be used in modeling protein-protein interaction, and they have been the basis of a bevy of computational approaches in recent years. 

---