Population generic

Boughman JA, Conneally PM, Nance WE. 1980. Population generic studies of retinitis pigmentosa. Am J Hum Genet 32 223-235. 

Data Acquisition and Parameter Estimation determines frequencies of the initiating events, component unavailability and probabilities of human actions were estimated from plant history. If insufficient, generic values were used including generic data from the nuclear industry (IAEA, 1988). In addition meteorological data and data on the population distribution around the plant were gathered and processed. 

Report recommendations include ways to improve DG reliability and maintenance programs. Other information provided includes the DG reliability at every site for the last 20 starts and last 100 starts, a listing of the number of DGs per unit, summaries of responses to generic letter 84-15 including population data, and summaries of individual utility reponses to the BNL questionnaire. 

PC-based models are presented for evaluating diesel unavailability. Parameters for the models are discussed in the report, but individual DG unavailability events are not listed. Generic TIs for a range of parameters and population of plants are displayed. 

Various forms have been developed to collect plant data. Figures 6.1 and 6.2 are generic forms published in EuReDatA Project No. 3. The Specimen Inventory form, Figure 6.1, is designed to collect data needed to establish the equipment description and total equipment population. Many maintenance systems offer some of these data, but usually not in a useful format or to the extent desired. The Specimen Event or Failure Report form, Figure 6.2, is used to capture failure event data that, when summed, will allow determination of the failure rate numerator—the number of failures within a unique plant population. 

These findings led to the concept of the Metal-oxo Wall or Ru-oxo Wall , namely terminal metal-oxo units are well known for nearly all early and mid-transition metal elements but simply unknown for the late transition metal elements (Fig. 1). The generic explanation for this phenomenon is that as one moves to the right in the d block, the metal center necessarily has more d electrons. This in turn requires an increasing population of orbitals that are antibonding with respect to the terminal metal-oxo unit. A simplified molecular orbital diagram for a six-coordinate C41 transition metal-oxo unit shown in Fig. 2 explains... 

Population. A generic term denoting any finite or infinite collection of individual things, objects, or events in the broadest concept an aggregate determined by some property that distinguishes things that do and do not belong. 

Note that in these several examples certain kinds of assumption are used to estimate intakes. In the TCE examples all adults were assumed to consume 2 liters of water each day and were also assumed to weigh 80 kg. Obviously in any population exposed to the contaminated water, it is unlikely that these two assumptions apply with high accuracy to any actual individuals. In fact the assumptions may be quite inaccurate for some individuals, even while they might be reasonably representative, on average, for most. It is in fact not possible to conduct risk assessments without the use of assumptions such as these, and so the individuals that are the subjects of typical risk assessments might be described as generic rather than actual. As will become clear in the later chapters on risk assessment, this type of generic evaluation is appropriate and useful for the purposes of public health protection. 

Let us imagine, for instance, that we measured the defect population of a generic oxide MO composed essentially of Schottky defects (such a measure could be obtained, for instance, by thermogravimetry at various T and Po conditions or by electronic and ionic conductivity measurements at various values of T and Pq2)- then write... 

In summary, disease-specific instruments are the most sensitive to changes in the patient s experience, whereas findings collected using generic instruments are more easily compared with population values for other therapies. 

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