Titanium implantation

Titanium implants are widely used owing to its good mechanical properties and excellent compatibility. A hip joint ball is shown. 

O. Mouzin, K. Soballe, J.E. Bechtold, Loading improves anchorage of hydroxyapatite implants more than titanium implants, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 58 (2001) 61-68. 

Electrochemical Behavior of Titanium Implanted with Platinum (RBS)... 

Other applications use self-assembling fibers to coat materials. For example, preassembled peptide amphiphiles have been covalently immobilized on titanium implant surfaces via a silane layer (Sargeant et al., 2008). Primary bovine artery endothelial cells or mouse calvarial preosteoblastic cells spread on these coated surface and proliferated to a far greater extent than on samples where the peptide amphiphiles had been drop cast onto the metal surface. This study therefore suggests that covalent attachment is required in order to prevent fibers lifting from the coated surface and to encourage maximal cell growth. 

Fig. 16 Light microscopic images of tissue capsule surrounding titanium implants with a DNA and poly-D-lysine complex coating. After 12 weeks of implantation, all implants were surrounded by a relatively mature fibrous capsule without the presence of inflammatory cells at the implant interface. Reprinted with permission from [126]...

Corica M, Borcese R, Savoldi E. Can the lithium therapy cause titanium implant failure J Dent Res 2001 80 1246. 

Allergic reactions to titanium can occur (13). Inflammatory reactions and contact sensitivity have been reported after insertion of titanium implants. Osseointegration of the implant tends to occur, but around the area there can be an intense inflammatory reaction and persistent irritation of soft tissues (SEDA-22, 250) (14,15). 

Schlegel KA, Eppeneder S, Wiltfang J. Soft tissue findings above submerged titanium implants—a histological and spectroscopic study. Biomaterials 2002 23(14) 2939 4. 

Holgers KM, Thomsen P, Tjellstrom A. Persistent irritation of the soft tissue arouud au osseointegrated titanium implant. Case report. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 1994 28(3) 225-30. 

G., Kwakman, P.H.S., and Zaat, S.A.J. (2014) Staphylococcus epidermidis originating from titanium implants infects surrounding tissue and immune cells. Acta Biomater. 10 (12), 5202-5212. 

Kobayashi, T., Itoh, S., Nakamura, S., Nakamura, M., Shinomiya, K., and Yamashita, K. (2007) Enhanced bone bonding of hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants by electrical polarization. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 82, 145-151. 

In a generic study, sol-gel-derived titania films were deposited to mimic as closely as possible the native oxide layer found on titanium implants (Haddow et al., 1996). The effects of dip rate, sintering temperature and time on the chemical composition of the films, their physical structure and thickness, and adherence to a silica substrate were investigated. These films are to be used as substrates in an in vitro model of osseointegration. 

One of the first studies using r.f. magnetron sputtering performed by Cooley et al. (1992) investigated and compared the healing rates of bone around commercially pure titanium implants and titanium implants sputter-coated from... 

Wennerberg, A. (2007) Formation of calcium phosphates on titanium implants with four different bioactive surface preparations. An in vitro study. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 18 (10), 1945-1954. 

C.A., de Groot, K., and Layrolle, P. (2004) Nano-scale study of the nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate coating on titanium implants. Biomaterials, 25 (14), 2901-2910. 

Giovanardi, R., and Veronesi, P. (2014a) Corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of bioactive sol-gel coatings on titanium implants. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. doi 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.044... 

Cooley, D.R., van Dellen, A.F., Burgess, J.O., and Windeler, A.S. (1992) The advantages of coated titanium implants prepared by radiofrequency sputtering from hydroxyapatite. / Prosthet. Dent., 67 (1), 93-100. 

Kuroda, K. and Okido, M. (2012) Hydroxyapatite coating of titanium implants using hydroprocessing and evaluation of their... 

Bone tissue reactions to biomimetic ion-substituted apatite surfaces on titanium implants. J. R. Soc. Interface, 9 (72), 1615-1624. 

Correlation between primary stability and bone healing of surface treated titanium implants in the femoral epiphyses of rabbits. J. Mater. Sci. - Mater. Med, 25 (8), 1941-1951. 

C. (2003) Biological performance of biomimetic calcium phosphate coating of titanium implants in the dog mandible. /. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 64 (2), 225-234. 

Yang, G.L., He, F.M., Hu, J.A., Wang, X.X., and Zhao, S.F. (2010) Biomechanical comparison of biomimetically and elec-trochemically deposited hydroxyapatite-coated porous titanium implants. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., 68 (2), 420 —427. 

McCutchen JW, Collier JP and Mayor MB (1990) Osteointegration of titanium implants in total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Rel Res 261 114-125. 

Barth E, Ronningen H, Solheim LF and Saethren B (1986) Bone ingrowth into weightbearing porous fiber titanium implants. Mechanical and biochemical correlations. J Orthopaed Res 4 356-361. 

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