Generic hazards

Thus, for purposes of waste classification, it appears possible to assess the risk from the intrusion and atmospheric release pathways at a generic hazardous waste disposal site. However, a generic assessment of risk from the water release pathway normally would incorporate assumptions that would be extremely conservative for many sites (e.g., the amount of water infiltration and travel times of hazardous substances to a nearby well). 

Generic hazardous waste. Pretty much aU else not listed separately. Hydrocarbon solvents (hexane, toluene), amines (aniline, triethylamine), amides, esters, acid chlorides, and on and on. Again,... 

As seen in the previous section there are numerous types of lithium batteries. In this section, we shall look at the generic hazards of primary (with liquid or solid cathode) and rechargeable batteries. There is much controversy over the reactivity of several individual chemistry types. It is the authors opinion that there are inherent hazards associated with any battery type or energy source and in most situations the hazards and size are directly related. In a similar scenario, lithium batteries in general cannot be categorized into being more or less hazardous than any other chemistry without knowing the exact type and size of the systems to be compared. 

The chemical and physical hazards of the chemicals in the workplace. This is almost the same as the basic information on PELs and MSDSs hsted in the previous section. Those requirements basically defined limits of exposure and the sources of data. This requirement provides that the employees be given chemically specific hazard information on the chemicals in their work area. It is most important that the chemicals in actual use are the principal ones for which this information is provided. However, generic hazard information by class for chemicals present but not in use should be provided as well. There is always the potential for an accident involving chemicals not in current use. The employees must be informed that they are not to deface or remove the labels on commercial containers of chemicals, since they represent a primary source of information. It is not required by the standard, but following the requirement from the Hazard Communication Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200, that secondary containers intended for use beyond a single work shift should be labeled, it is highly recommended that this be required. 

In addition to the generic hazards indicated above, individual solvents may display toxic properties specific to that solvent or group of solvents. These specific hazards may arise from the toxic properties of the parent molecule or, more frequently, from the product of metabolism. A wide range of such effects can occur, affecting a variety of target organs. Some of the most common are described below. 

Figure 4.1. Generic hazards (left) and other factors (right) that affect health and safety in the coastal construction environment (based on CIRIA, 2003)...

In the United States, a generic hazard analysis and critical control points system to be used by meat processors has been published by the USDA-FSIS (1999). Process steps critical for product safety (critical control points or CCPs) generally include ... 

List the nature of the condition (refer to Generic Hazard Group, If necessary). 

GENERIC HAZARD EVALUATION CHECKLIST SYSTEM/PROGRAM PERFORMED BY DATE ... 

Figure6.3 Sample generic hazard evaluation checklist [source. Technical Analysis, Inc. (1989)].

Figure 6.8 Vapor degreaser generic hazard evaluation checklist.

A simple, practical and generic hazard analysis and risk assessment process is to be developed that has the potential to be incorporated in all Bll standards. The process must apply to both suppliers and users. 

This means that more than 10% by volume of the waste is one of the noted solvents, and that it is classified as a generic hazardous waste of type F001. The legal basis for this stricture is Title 40 Protection of Environment, Part 261 - Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste, Subpart D - Lists of Hazardous Wastes (Ref. 2, Chapter 7.7)... 

This is the classification as a generic hazardous waste of type F003 (Ref. 2, Table 7.3)... 

The Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) is an analysis of the generic hazard groups present in a system, their evaluation, and recommendations for control (TAI 1989). The PHA is usually the first attempt in the system safety process to identify and categorize hazards or potential hazards associated with the operation of a proposed system, process, or procedure. In many instances, however, the PHA may be preceded with the preparation of aPreliminary Hazard List (PHL). The identification of hazards on a PHL can occur through the use of a variety of methods such as but not limited to... 

TABLE 6.1 Sample Generic Hazard Groups Generic hazard groups... 

A succinct definition is that a hazard is a condition that can cause injury or death, damage to or loss of equipment or property, or environmental harm (Roland and Moriarty, 1990). Some typical hazards in various systems are electrical discharge or shock, fire or explosion, rapid pressure release, and extreme high or low temperature. Chapter 5 discusses the different types of hazards. Appendix B is a generic hazard checklist. 

Review generic hazard lists (Appendix B is an example hazard list). 

To start the what-ifls fety checklist, consider Appendix B, Generic Hazard Checklist, and form simple questions from the listed hazards. Start with side A and then go to side B, and then look at the entire system. 

Obviously, not all the items listed in the generic hazard checklist are applicable to this system, such as electrical, explosives, or radiation. Space does not allow giving a full listing of all the possible hazards however, some of the more salient ones are shown in Table 6.5. 

This generic hazard checklist can be used to help identify hazards and hazard sources in any industry. Of course, every industry has unique hazards that will not be on this list. Some of the hazards on this list are unique to certain hazard scenarios others are common cause factors that will cross all subsystan boundaries. Many of the hazards are repeated in different categories. As can be seen, the generic hazard checklist has many of the same entries as the energy source checklist. That is because energy sources make up the vast majority of hazards. 

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