Purkinje cells, cerebellar

Anti-Yo (PCA-1) Cdr2 Cytoplasm of Purkinje cells Cerebellar degeneration, brain stem encephalitis Ovary, breast, gastrointestinal tumors... 

In contrast to Purkinje cells, cerebellar basket cells (BC) had a higher mean level of GAD67 mRNA (Yip et al., 2008 p<0.0001, independent Mest) in the autism group compared to the control group. GAD67 mRNA levels in stellate cells were not significantly different between controls and autistic brains but did show a trend for significance for an increased level. 

In cerebellar Purkinje cells, a TTX-sensitive inward current is elicited, when the membrane was partially repolarized after strong depolarization. This resurgent current contributes to high-frequency repetitive firing of Purkinje neurons. The resurgent current results from open channel block by the cytoplasmic tail of the (34 subunit. The med Nav 1.6 mutant mice show defective synaptic transmission in the neuromuscular junction and degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells. 

Spinocerebellar Cerebellar cortex (Purkinje cells), 6-39 40-81 Ataxin-1 NI (n, c)... 

Hannah RS, Roth SH. 1991. Chronic exposure to low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide produces abnormal growth in developing cerebellar Purkinje cells. Neurosci Lett 122 225-228. 

Kano, M., Hashimoto, K., Kurihara, H. et al. Persistent multiple climbing fiber innervation of cerebellar Purkinje cells in mice lacking mGluRl. Neuron 18 71-79,1997. 

Dehnes, Y., Chaudhry, F. A., Ullensvang, K., Lehre, K. P, Storm-Mathisen, J., and Danbolt, N. C. (1998) The glutamate transporter EAAT4 in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells a glutamategated chloride channel concentrated near the synapse in parts of the dendritic membrane facing astroglia. J. Neurosci. 18, 3606-3619. 

IHC shows CYP2B6 in neurons and astrocytes, higher in smokers and alcoholics especially in cerebellar Purkinje cells and hippocampal pyramidal neurons, also caudate nucleus and putamen (Miksys et al., 2003). 

CYP2B6 protein in frontal cortical pyramidal cells, cerebellar Purkinje cells and neurons in the substantia nigra of African Green monkey induced by chronic nicotine (Lee et al., 2006). 0.0016 P450 mRNA/GAPDHmRNAin whole human brain by RT-RT-PCR (Nishimura et al., 2003). CYP2C8 mRNA detected in human brain by RT-PCR (McFadyen et al., 1998). 

IHC shows ethanol induction of CYP2E1 in olfactory bulbs, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of male rats nicotine induces in olfactory bulbs, frontal cortex, olfactory tubercle, cerebellum, and brainstem. More CYP2E1 found in brains from human alcoholics and alcoholic smokers in granular cells of the dentate gyrus, pyramidal cells of CA2 and CA3 hippocampus, and cerebellar Purkinje cells. More CYP2E1 In frontal cortices of alcoholic smokers versus all nonsmokers. CYP2E1 in cultured human neuroblastoma cells Induced by nicotine (Howard et al., 2003). 

Chronic nicotine induces CYP2E1 expression in cortical pyramidal neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells no change seen in temporal cortex, hippocampus, putamen, or thalamus of monkey brain (Joshi and Tyndale, 2005, 2006). 

Cerebral cortex (layer I-VI, selected interneurons and principal cells) hippocampus (selected interneurons and principal cells) pallidum striatum (interneurons) thalamic relay nuclei olfactory bulb (mitral cells and interneurons) cerebellum (Purkinje cells and granule cells) deep cerebellar nuclei amygdala basal forebrain substantia nigra pars reticulata inferior colliculus brainstem... 

Llano 1, Leresche N, Marty A (1991) Calcium entry increases the sensitivity of cerebellar Purkinje cells to applied GABA and decreases inhibitory synaptic currents. Neuron 6 565-574... 

Cerebellar LTP was reduced in mGluRl knockout mice (Aiba et al. 1994) whereas mGluRS knockout mice exhibited a normal LTD (Lu et al. 1997). The targeted replacement of GluRla in only Purkinje cells re-established LTD again (Ichise et al. 2000). 

Ichise T, Kano M, Hashimoto K, et al (2000) mGluRl in cerebellar Purkinje cells essential for long-term depression, synapse elimination, and motor coordination. Science 288 1832-1835... 

Taniguchi K, Shinjo K, Mizutani M, et al (1997) Antinociceptive activity of CP-101,606, an NMDA receptor NR2B subunit antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 122 809-812 Tempia F, Alojado ME, Strata P, KnOpfel T (2001) Characterization of the mGlnR(l)-mediated electrical and calcium signaling in Purkinje cells of mouse cerebellar slices. J Neurophysiol 86 1389-1397... 

Hiatt JE, Eloyd TC, Katz PH, et al Eurther evidence of abnormal non-rapid-eye-movement sleep in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42 797-802, 1985 Hicks TP, Krupa M, Crepel F Selective effects of serotonin upon excitatory amino acid-induced depolarisations of Purkinje cells in cerebellar slices from young rats. Brain Res 492 371-376, 1989... 

Lee M, Strahlendorf JC, Strahlendorf HK Modulatory action of serotonin on glutamate induced excitation of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Brain Res 361 107-113, 1986... 

Malignancies, particularly of neural crest origin, are known to affect brain function adversely through remote (presumably hormonal) effects on neural tissue. For example, ovarian adenocarcinoma can selectively induce a profound cerebellar syndrome caused by the selective death of Purkinje cells (presumably from a neurotoxic hormonal factor). Such phenomena simply illustrate the complicated nature of CNS functioning and the need to be cautious about explanations in the absence of systematic data. 

The parallel fibers receive input from many sources via a complex series of mossy fibers and granule cells and influence the firing of the Punkinje cells. The output from the Purkinje cells is entirely inhibitory. It is transmitted via synapses in the cerebellar nuclei to neurons that lead back to the cerebral cortex, into the thalamus, and down the spinal cord.411 The pathway to the cortex completes an inhibitory feedback loop, of which there are many in the nervous system. For details see Llinas404 and Nicholls.149... 

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