Turbines, gas

Gas turbines are available in two types, namely, industrial type and aero-derivative type. In comparison, the former is cheaper, robust with single shaft and longer period of operation without overhaul but at lower efficiency. The latter is 

---

A more complex utility is combined heat and power (or cogeneration). Here, the heat rejected hy a heat engine such as a steam turbine, gas turbine, or diesel engine is used as the hot utility. 

Now let us take a closer look at the two most commonly used heat engines (steam and gas turbines) to see whether they achieve this efficiency in practice. To make a quantitative assessment of any combined heat and power scheme, the grand composite curve should be used and the heat engine exhaust treated like any other utility. 

Hence the gas turbine is the most profitable in terms of energy costs. However,... 

Different utility options such as furnaces, gas turbines, and different steam levels can be assessed more easily and with greater confidence knowing the capital cost implications for the heat exchanger network. 

The principal sources of utility waste are associated with hot utilities (including cogeneration) and cold utilities. Furnaces, steam boilers, gas turbines, and diesel engines all produce waste as gaseous c bustion products. These combustion products contain carbon... 

Reducing products of combustion from furnaces, steam boilers, and gas turbines by making the process more energy efficient through improved heat recovery. 

Qfuel heat from fuel in a furnace, boiler, or gas turbine (kJ s )... 

Odgers, J. and D. Kretschmer (1986), Gas turbine fuels and their influence on combustion. Abacus Press, Cambridge, USA. 

Gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors are very efficient under the right operating conditions but require careful selection and demand higher levels of maintenance than reciprocating compressors. Compression facilities are generally the most expensive item in an upstream gas process facility. 

In some undersaturated reservoirs with non commercial quantities of gas but too much to flare, gas has be used to fuel gas turbines and generate electricity for local use. 

Abstract An Eddy current method applying a High Temperature Superconductor ( HTS ) DC SQUID sensor operating at Uquid nitrogen temperature (77K) is presented. The method is developed for the detection of surface or surface near defects. We compare the performance of the SQUID system with the performance gained from a commercial Eddy current system, while using identical probes. The experimental data are obtained on defects in gas turbine blades. The advantage of planar conformable probes for the use with the SQUID is discussed. 

The efficiency of gas turbines is limited by the maximum allowable turbine inlet temperature (TIT). The TIT may be increased by cooling of the blades and vanes of the high pressure turbine. Cooling channels can be casted into the components or may be drilled afterwards. Non-conventional processes like EDM, ECD or Laser are used for drilling. Radiographic examination of the drilled components is part of the inspection procedure. Traditional X-Ray film technique has been used. The consumable costs, the waste disposal and the limited capacity of the two film units lead to the decision to investigate the alternative of Real-Time X-Ray. 

---