Stationary gas turbines

Hydrogen is an ideal fuel for gas turbines. Due to its rapid mixing with air, a smaller combustion chamber is sufficient and the efficiency is higher compared with conventional fuels. Gas turbines modified for liquid hydrogen operation yield an up to 10 % higher thermal efficiency and output compared with fossil-fueled turbines. For systems with advanced heat exchange, efficiencies of more than 50 % are estimated to be achievable. The remainder-free combustion is stable and favorable for lifetime and maintenance. Of disadvantage is NOX production. No particular difficulties are expected for a conversion of a stationary gas turbine to H2 fuel [51]. 

A modified gas turbine cycle, a H2-fueled chemical-looping combustion, has been proposed in Japan. The oxidizer air or oxygen is replaced by a solid metal oxide, e.g., NiO. An increase in the efficiency up to 66.8 % is predicted compared with 61.6 % as the best figure for H2/O2 cycles [23]. 

ISHIDA, M., JIN, H., OKAMOTO, T., Hydrogen Fueled Gas Turbine Cycle with Chemical-Looping Combustion, Proc. New Energy Systems Conversion, (3rd Int. Conf., Kazan, 1997) 69-73. 

KELLER, J., Development of a Clean, Premixed Burner for Hydrogen Utilization, World Wide Web, http //www.eren.doe.gov/hydrogen/hypremx3.htm, US Department of Energy (1997). 

KINOSHTTA, K., MCLARNON, F.R., CAIRNS, EJ., Fuel Cell Handbook, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (1988). 

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Surface Coating of Metal Furniture Stationary Gas Turbines Lime Manufacturing Plants Lead-Acid Battery Manufacturing Plants Metallic Mineral Processing Plants Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Surface Coating Operations... 

ASME Measurement of Exhaust Emissions from Stationary Gas Turbine Engines B133.9 (Published 1994)... 

Greenwood, S.A., Low Emission Combustion Technology for Stationary Gas Turbine Engines, Proceedings of the 29th Turbomachinery Symposium, September 2000. 

Catalyst monoliths may laos be employed as catalytic combustion chambers preceding aircraft and stationary gas turbines. As shown diagramatically in Fig. 16, a catalytic combustor comprises a preheat region, a catalyst monolith unit and a thermal region. In the preheat region, a small fuel-rich flame burner is employed to preheat the fuel-air mixture before the hot gases reach the monolith unit. Additional fuel is then injected into the hot gas stream prior to entry to the monolith where... 

Major, B. and Powers, B. (1999) Cost Analysis of NO Control Alternatives for Stationary Gas Turbines, DOF Contract DE-FC02-97CHO877. 

Baste, U. (1993), Thermal shock and cyclic loading of ceramic parts in stationary gas turbines , in Schneider G. A. and Petzow G. (editors), Thermal Shock and Thermal Fatigue Behavior of Advanced Ceramics, Dordrecht Kluwer Academic, 87-97 Becher, P.F. (1981), Transient thermal stress behavior in Zr02-toughened A1203 , J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 64(1), 37-39. 

Standards of Performance for Stationary Gas Turbines Standards of Performance for Lime Manufacturing Plants Standards of Performance for Lead-Acid Battery Manufacturing Plants Standards of Performance for Metallic Mineral Processing Plants... 

T. Furuya, S. Yamanaka, T. Hayata, J. Koezuka, T. Yoshine, and A. Ohkoshi, Hybrid catalytic combustion for stationary gas turbine—Concept and small scale test results, ASME Paper 87-GT-99 (1987). 

The aim to increase efficiency of aeroengines led to the demand for increasing combustion chamber temperatures, which can best be realized by protection of turbine blades with thermal barrier coatings (TBC). Nowadays application of TBCs in stationary gas turbines has also become of interest, although conditions concerning application temperature and lifetime are different from aeroengines. 

Alternative Control Techniques Document - NOx Emissions from Stationary Gas Turbines, United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-453/R-93-007, 1993. 

Completed design and fabrication of lean premixed swirl burner that will be used to study combustion of H2-blended hydrocarbon fuels in stationary gas turbine environment. (Collaboration with the National Energy Technology Laboratory). 

Determination of sulfur dioxide removal efficiency and particulate, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides emission rates Determination of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and diluent emissions from stationary gas turbines Determination of volatile organic compound leaks... 

One of the main hurdles for combustion catalysts is to maintain the catalytic activity, during prolonged operation. Typically, gas turbine manufacturers demand at least one-year-operation, e.g. 8000 h for stationary gas turbines and approximately the same number of hours for mobile applications. Combustion catalysts will be exposed to severe conditions, i.e. gas velocities around 10-25 m s , peak temperatures between 1000 and 1400 °C depending on the system design, transients with temperature drops around 500 °C s" or higher, and fuel mixtures that can contain known catalyst poisons. Hence, the catalysts could be deactivated by ... 

Armstrong, G.T. Jobe, T.J., Jr. Heating Values of Natural Gas and its Components Nat. Bur. Standards Report NBSIR 82-2401 (1982), Armstrong, G.T. Jobe, T.L., Jr. Heating Values of Natural Gas and its Components Conversion of Values to Measurement Bases and Caleulaton of Mixtures in Stationary Gas Turbine Alternative Fuels, ASTM STP 809, J.S.Clark and S.M.DeCorso, Eds. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, (1983) pp. 314-334. 

Emission of Oxides of Nitrogen from Stationary Gas Turbines", South Coast Air Quality Management District, Rule 1134, August 1989. 

L. S. Sigl and K. A, Schwetz, Fabrication and properties of HIP-treated sintered SiC for combustor liners of stationary gas turbines, in Symposium 3, Werkstoffe ftirdie Energietechnik, Werkstoffwoche 98/Munchen, A. Kranzmann and V. Gramberg (eds.), Wiley-VCH, Wein-heim, NY, 1999, pp. 15-24. 

Miriyala, N., Fahme, A., and van Roode, M., 200 l, Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine Development-Combustor Liner Development, ASME paper 2001 -GT-0512, presented at the 46th ASME TURBO EXPO 2001, LAND, SEA, AIR, New Orleans, LA, June 4-7, 2001. 

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