Gas Turbines and Engines

Steam is fed to a turbine at 614.7 psia and 825°F and is discharged at 64.7 psia. (a) Find the theoretical steam rate, lb/kWh, by using the steam tables, (b) If the isentropic efficiency is 70%, find the outlet temperature, (c) Find the theoretical steam rate if the behavior is ideal, with Cp Cv = 1.33. 

Theoretical steam rate = 3412/238.4 = 14.31 lb/kWh. This value is checked exactly with the data of Table 4.3. 

The corresponding values of T3 and S1 are read off the Mollier diagram, as tabulated. 

Gas expanders are used to recover energy from high pressure process gas streams in a plant when the lower pressure is adequate for further processing. Power calculations are made in the same way as those for compressors. Usually several hundred horsepower must be involved for economic justification of an expander. In smaller plants, pressures are simply let down with throttling valves (Joule-Thomson) without attempt at recovery of energy. 

The specification sheet of Table 4.4 has room for the process conditions and some of the many mechanical details of steam turbines. 

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Fuel - Fuel supplies to boilers, furnaces, gas turbine and engine drivers, etc., are designed with features such as multiple fuels, propane vaporizer backup, and a liquid fuel surge tank, to promote reliabihty. The failure of any one fuel to a process unit or utihty generation facihty is used as the basis for evaluating a potential overpressure. 

The conventional approaches to anemometry are laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) [6,37,38]. The former is employed to obtain point-like measurements of one velocity component, whereas a combination of two or three LDV systems allows for the measurement of the vectorial structure of the velocities. The PIV is, instead, conceived for two-dimensional acquisition of velocity fields. One important industrial application of these techniques is in laser diagnostic of gas turbines and engines [9]. For instance, atomization of liquid fuels into droplets is typical of modern IC engines and one can study the fuel-air mixing that is an essential factor in efficient combustion. In... 

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