Hydrogen gas turbine

The Japanese Ship Research Institute in the Ministry of Transport has developed within the PORSHE project (see section 9.2.4) a concept of a 125,000 m LH2 tank ship. An internal reheat hydrogen gas turbine has been designed as an engine for an ultra-high speed marine vehicle. The engine must have a power of > 3(X) MW to transport a total weight of 5000 t at a speed level of 100 kt ( 185 km/h) [24]. 

HIRAOKA, K., et al.. Research and Development of Internal Reheat Hydrogen Gas Turbine at Ship Research Institute, Hydrogen and Clean Energy (Int. Symp., Tokyo, 1995), NEDO (1995) 345-348. 

Fig. 3. Refinery process for gas turbine fuels. Processing may include hydrogen treating.

Combustion. The primary reaction carried out in the gas turbine combustion chamber is oxidation of a fuel to release its heat content at constant pressure. Atomized fuel mixed with enough air to form a close-to-stoichiometric mixture is continuously fed into a primary zone. There its heat of formation is released at flame temperatures deterruined by the pressure. The heat content of the fuel is therefore a primary measure of the attainable efficiency of the overall system in terms of fuel consumed per unit of work output. Table 6 fists the net heat content of a number of typical gas turbine fuels. Net rather than gross heat content is a more significant measure because heat of vaporization of the water formed in combustion cannot be recovered in aircraft exhaust. The most desirable gas turbine fuels for use in aircraft, after hydrogen, are hydrocarbons. Fuels that are liquid at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature are the most practical and widely used aircraft fuels kerosene, with a distillation range from 150 to 300 °C, is the best compromise to combine maximum mass —heat content with other desirable properties. For ground turbines, a wide variety of gaseous and heavy fuels are acceptable. 

Synthetic jet fuel derived from coal is even more difficult and expensive, since the best of the conversion processes produces a fuel very high in aromatics. With hydrogenation, overall thermal efficiency is only 50%. Without additional hydrogenation, the gas turbine fuels would contain 60—70% aromatics. 

Fig. 8.15 shows a simple gas turbine plant (Cycle Cl) supplied with a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen for combustion in air a cooler is shown but a bottoming steam cycle may be added (see later, C2, C3). 

Of course, there is no methane at exit from the PO reactor, and no oxygen. The hydrogen content is quite high, over 15% and comparable to that in Lloyd s example of the steam/TCR cycle, but the CO content is also nearly 8%. It is interesting to note that the calculated equilibrium concentrations of these combustible products from the reactor are reduced through the PO turbine (because of the fall in temperature) before they are supplied to the gas turbine combustor where they are fully combusted, but it is more likely that the concentrations would be frozen near the entry values. 

Bannister, R. L. Newby, R. A. and Yang, W.-C. (1999). Final Report on the Development of a Hydrogen-Fueled Gas Turbine Cycle for Power Generation. Tr3ns3ctions of the ASME, Journ3l of Engineering for Gas Turbines 3nd Power 121 38-45. 

The design simplification is built on the premise that all plant variants share a common reactor system, an aerodynamically and mechanically similar line of helium gas turbines used for electricity production and the IS process system for hydrogen production in a common plant arrangement as shown in Figure 4.20. Note that the hydrogen plant along with... 

The JAEA selects the IS-process to be the basis for commercial development mainly because it is seen more suited to large-scale nuclear hydrogen production than HTE [9] and other alternatives. However, an available HTE-based plant can be connected to the reactor in the same manner as the IS process plant is connected. The HTE similarly requires a high-temperature process heat, and about 25% of its total energy input is heat and the balance electricity, which are fully and efficiently met in-house by the reactor heat and gas turbine power plant. 

Hydrogen plant and gas turbine generator are each a partial load of the nuclear reactor during normal cogeneration operations. Transient or upset conditions in one system may... 

---