Gas turbine reactor

Other types Other reactors are covered in applications chapters, notably nuclear reactors (Chapter 10) and the gas turbine reactor and turbo cracker (Chapter 9). Table 5.5 summarises a selection of intensified reactors, merits, limitations and potential uses. Table 5.5 Summary table on various intensified reactors. ... 

Gas turbine reactor Would give higher Need to match Production of... 

The gas turbine reactor - a challenge for bulk chemical manufacture... 

The study concluded the following with regard to the gas turbine reactor in which the heat exchangers were converted into HEX-reactors. 

The Energy Research Centre of The Netherlands (ECN) examined the feasibility of a number of routes to ethylene production, including the use of gas turbine reactors and heat exchanger reactors (Hugill et al., 2005). The aim of the study at ECN was to see if the economics of the production of ethylene from natural gas by the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) could be improved, as at the time it was considered economically unfeasible. The study was based on the work of Swanenberg (1998),... 

Anon, (2002). Combined heat, power and chemicals the feasibility of gas turbine reactors. Report by David Reay and Associates in association with the partners. Agreement E/CA/00340/00/00/4576, ETSU. Final report June. 

Reay, D.A. and Ramshaw, C. (1998). Gas turbine reactor study. Contract report to BP Exploration, April. 

Research topics at ECN in the field of process intensification are membrane reactors in which the reaction is combined with separation of the reaction product from the reaction zone membrane contactors, where reactants are fed in a controlled way to a reaction, leading to a higher quality of the desired product with lower amounts of by-products, and membrane emulsification. ECN is also active in areas related to the gas turbine reactor. 

XrV-18] ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Helium gas turbine reactor technical challenges, a characterization for use in focusing R D resources, TP-114690, Palo Alto, USA (January 2000). 

Eig. 8. Cost of electricity (COE) comparison where represents capital charges, Hoperation and maintenance charges, and D fuel charges for the reference cycles. A, steam, light water reactor (LWR), uranium B, steam, conventional furnace, scmbber coal C, gas turbine combined cycle, semiclean hquid D, gas turbine, semiclean Hquid, and advanced cycles E, steam atmospheric fluidized bed, coal E, gas turbine (water-cooled) combined low heating value (LHV) gas G, open cycle MHD coal H, steam, pressurized fluidized bed, coal I, closed cycle helium gas turbine, atmospheric fluidized bed (AEB), coal J, metal vapor topping cycle, pressurized fluidized bed (PEB), coal K, gas turbine (water-cooled) combined, semiclean Hquid L, gas turbine... 

Other alloys have been developed for use in particular corrosive environments at high temperatures. Several of these are age-hardenable alloys which contain additions of aluminum and titanium. Eor example, INCONEL alloys 718 and X-750 [11145-80-5] (UNS N07750) have higher strength and better creep and stress mpture properties than alloy 600 and maintain the same good corrosion and oxidation resistance. AHoy 718 exhibits excellent stress mpture properties up to 705°C as well as good oxidation resistance up to 980°C and is widely used in gas turbines and other aerospace appHcations, and for pumps, nuclear reactor parts, and tooling. 

Fired Hester a.s a. Reactor. When viewed as a reactor, the fired heater adds a unique set of energy considerations, such as. Can the heater be designed to operate with less air by O2 and CO analy2ers How does air preheating affect fuel use and efficiency How can a lower cost fuel (coal) be used Can the high energy potential of the fuel be used upstream in a gas turbine ... 

Validation and Application. VaUdated CFD examples are emerging (30) as are examples of limitations and misappHcations (31). ReaUsm depends on the adequacy of the physical and chemical representations, the scale of resolution for the appHcation, numerical accuracy of the solution algorithms, and skills appHed in execution. Data are available on performance characteristics of industrial furnaces and gas turbines systems operating with turbulent diffusion flames have been studied for simple two-dimensional geometries and selected conditions (32). Turbulent diffusion flames are produced when fuel and air are injected separately into the reactor. Second-order and infinitely fast reactions coupled with mixing have been analyzed with the k—Z model to describe the macromixing process. 

The large physical size of the later Magnox stations, such as Wylfa, led to the development of the more compact advanced gas-cooled reactor (AGR) design [31] that could utilize the standard turbine generator units available in the UK, Stainless-steel clad, enriched uranium oxide fuel can tolerate higher temperatures... 

Of course, there is no methane at exit from the PO reactor, and no oxygen. The hydrogen content is quite high, over 15% and comparable to that in Lloyd s example of the steam/TCR cycle, but the CO content is also nearly 8%. It is interesting to note that the calculated equilibrium concentrations of these combustible products from the reactor are reduced through the PO turbine (because of the fall in temperature) before they are supplied to the gas turbine combustor where they are fully combusted, but it is more likely that the concentrations would be frozen near the entry values. 

In the United States, coal had a 57 percent share of the electric power fuel market in 2000, up from 46 percent in 1970. This amounts to 430,000 MW generated by steam turbines that are fueled with coal. Wlien considering other sources of generating steam for electric power—such as nuclear reactors, gas- or oil-fired broilers, and waste heat from gas turbines— steam turbines now comprise more than 600,000 MW of capacity, or approximately 75 percent of all generating capacity in the United States. 

The design simplification is built on the premise that all plant variants share a common reactor system, an aerodynamically and mechanically similar line of helium gas turbines used for electricity production and the IS process system for hydrogen production in a common plant arrangement as shown in Figure 4.20. Note that the hydrogen plant along with... 

The JAEA selects the IS-process to be the basis for commercial development mainly because it is seen more suited to large-scale nuclear hydrogen production than HTE [9] and other alternatives. However, an available HTE-based plant can be connected to the reactor in the same manner as the IS process plant is connected. The HTE similarly requires a high-temperature process heat, and about 25% of its total energy input is heat and the balance electricity, which are fully and efficiently met in-house by the reactor heat and gas turbine power plant. 

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