Garlic Allium sativum

Garlic has been reported to have lipid- and blood-pressure-lowering properties, as well as antiplatelet, antioxidant, and fibrinolytic effects. In animal models and human cell cultures, it has been shown to have antiatherosclerotic activity (see Chapter 50). The sulfur-containing component, allicin, is considered to be the principal active ingredient of garlic, but several other bioactive ingredients have also been isolated. 

The recommended dose is about 4g of fresh garlic daily, which is equivalent to approximately 8 mg garlic oil or 600 to 900 mg garlic powder preparations standardized to 1.3% alliin content. Adverse effects of garlic are usually mild and transient they include breath and body odor, allergic reactions, nausea, heartburn, and flatulence. 

Garlic is one of the most common botanical remedies used by patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), probably because of to the antiviral claim associated with its consumption, as well as the possibility of lowering total serum cholesterol, which could counteract the common side effect of hypercholesterolemia associated with the use of antiretroviral drug regimens. 

Ten healthy volunteers participated in a three-period, single-sequence interaction study. In period 1, they received 1200 mg of saquinavir three 

Garlic regimen Sex/age Diagnosis Interacting drug dosage/duration Other concomitant drugs Clinical result of interaction Possible mechanism 

Unknown Not specified Warfarin, dosage regimen not specified None None provided Inhibition of platelet aggregation 

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Allyl IS derived from the botanical name for garlic Allium sativum) It was found in 1892 that the major component obtained by distilling garlic oil is H2C=CHCH2SSCH2CH=CH2 and the word a//y/was coined for the H2C=CHCH2— group on the basis of this origin... 

Researchers have identified several antifungal herbs that are effective against tinea pedis (athlete s foot), such as tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) and garlic (Allium sativum). 

Garlic Allium sativum Lowers blood sugar, cholesterol, and lipids May cause abnormal blood glucose levels Increased risk of bleeding in patients taking the coumarins, salicylates, or antiplatelet drugs. 

Fossen, T. and Andersen, 0.M., Malonated anthocyanins of garlic Allium sativum L., Food Chem., 58, 215, 1997. 

Plants of the genus Allium, e.g. garlic Allium sativum), leek Allium amp-eloprasum), and onion Allium cepa), produce a bewildering variety of sulfur compounds. Selenium analogs for some of these have also been found (Section 11.1.3.6). Much work has focused on garlic (contains more than 100 such materials) and onion.56,66,67 Key compounds for formation of the Allium sulfur-containing secondary metabolites are sulfoxides of cysteine derivatives,... 

Yellow and red onions (Allium cepa) were reported to be poor antioxidants toward oxidation of methyl linoleate (Kahkonen and others 1999) in contrast to their high antioxidant activity toward oxidation of LDL (Vinson and others 1998). Garlic (Allium sativum L) was reported to have four times more antioxidant activity than onions when using the ORAC assay (Cao and others 1996). 

Arivazhagan S, Velmurugan B, Bhuvaneswari V and Nagini S. 2004. Effects of aqueous extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf on hepatic and blood oxidant-antioxidant status during experimental gastric carcinogenesis. J Med Food 7(3) 334—339. 

Jastrzebski Z, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M, Namiesnik J, Zachwieja Z, Barton H, Pawelzik E, Arancibia-Avila P, Toledo F and Gorinstein S. 2007. The bioactivity of processed garlic (Allium sativum L.) as shown in in vitro and in vivo studies on rats. Food Chem Toxicol 45(9) 1626—1633. 

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), alfalfa (M. L.), cotton (Gossipium spp.), onion (.Allium spp.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), proper (Capsicum annum L.), snap bean (P. vulgaris L.), maize (Zea mays L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum h.) Trap crops Abebe et al. 2005... 

Fish Oil Supplements (Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid) Garlic Allium sativum) Gentian Genliana luiea) GingCT Zingiber officinale)... 

FA050 Kamanna, V. S., and N. Chandrasekhara. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum FA062... 

FA092 Kamanna, V.S., and N. Chandrasekhara. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum Linn) on serum lipoproteins and lipoprotein cholesterol levels in albino rats rendered hypercholesteremic by feeding cholesterol. Lipids 1982 17(7) 483-488. 

Vinyl-3,6-dihydro-l,2-dithiin 2-oxide has been isolated as one of the main components from garlic Allium sativum) <2001MI867>. Its structure was elucidated by NMR and MS. 

Garlic oil is obtained by steam distillation of crushed bulbs of the common garlic, Allium sativum L. it is a clear, reddish-orange liquid, with a strong, pungent, characteristic garlic odor. 

Garlic Allium sativum L. DiaUyl disulphide (over 50%)... 

Garlic Allium sativum Diallyl disulphide Callus 14% of explant [57, 58]... 

Garlic Allium sativum L Bulb of the garlic plant Decrease cholesterol and other plasma lipids anti-inflammatory antimicrobial antioxidant other effects... 

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