Antiatherosclerotic activity

Garlic has been reported to have lipid- and blood-pressure-lowering properties, as well as antiplatelet, antioxidant, and fibrinolytic effects. In animal models and human cell cultures, it has been shown to have antiatherosclerotic activity (see Chapter 50). The sulfur-containing component, allicin, is considered to be the principal active ingredient of garlic, but several other bioactive ingredients have also been isolated. 

The antiatherosclerotic effect of proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extracts was examined in cholesterol-fed rabbits. The proanthocyanidin-rich extracts [0.1% and 1% in diets (w/w)] did not change the serum lipid profile, but reduced the level of the cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides (ChE-OOH) induced by 2,2/-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane-dihydrochloride (AAPH), the aortic malonaldehyde (MDA) content and severe atherosclerosis. The immuno-histochemical analysis revealed a decrease in the number of the oxidized LDL-positive macrophage-derived foam cells on the atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta in the rabbits fed the proanthocyanidin-rich extract. When the proanthocyanidin-rich extract was administered orally to the rats, proantho-cyanidin was detected in the plasma. In an in vitro experiment using human plasma, the addition of the proanthocyanidin-rich extract to the plasma inhibited the oxidation of cholesteryl linoleate in the LDL, but not in the LDL isolated after the plasma and the extract were incubated in advance. From these results, proanthocyanidins of the major polyphenols in red wine might trap ROSs in the plasma and interstitial fluid of the arterial wall, and consequently display antiatherosclerotic activity by inhibiting the oxidation of the LDL [92]. 

Benzoxazole and triazole derivatives 67 and 73b showed the highest antiatherosclerotic activity among all the investigated silacyclic S-sub-stituted heterocycles in mice maintained on high-cholesterol diet. They protected against an increase in serum low-density lipoprotein level and... 

Sparrow CP, Burton CA, Hernandez M, Mundt S, Hassing H, Patel S, Rosa R, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Wang PR, Zhang D, Peterson L, Detmers PA, Chao YS, Wright SD. Simvastatin has anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic activities independent of plasma cholesterol lowering. Arterioscler Thromb. Vase. Biol. 2001 21 115-121. 

BMS 182874 is an isoxazolylnaphthalenesulphonamide which acts as a subtype-selective (ETf) ENDOTHELIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It shows experimental antiatherosclerotic activity, and is used as a pharmacological tool. 

The antiatherosclerotic activity is exerted via both cholesterol lowering and direct ACAT inhibition in plaque macrophages. 

OE214 Somova, L. 1., F. O. Shode, P. Ram-nanan, and A. Nadar. Antihypertensive, antiatherosclerotic and antioxidant activity of triterpenoids isolated from Olea europaea, subspecies africana leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 2003 84(2-3) 299-305. 

Cordyceps sinensis Link. Dong Chong Xia Chao (fruit body) 2 -deoxyadenosine, adenosine, sterols, saccharides, protein, cordycepin, d- mannitol 33,91,92,401,402,412,413,414,459 Lead poisoning was reported.238 Antisenescence, hypolipidemic, endocrine, antitumor, antiatherosclerotic and sexual function-restorative activities. Treat respiratory, renal, liver and cardiovascular diseases, antileukemic cells, hyposexuality, and hyperlipidemia. 

Garlic has been shown to have significant effects on the cardiovascular system. Such areas include improvement in lipids, modest effects on blood pressure, platelet inhibition, antioxidant effects, and a decrease in fibrinolytic activity. In vitro studies have shown garlic possesses specific antiatherosclerotic effects such as reducing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression (10), inhibition of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and inhibition of oxidized LDL-induced depletion of glutathione (11). 

Hypolipemic activity has been noted for the 3,5-dibenzylperhydro-l,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thiones (249 R = CH2Ph) <85JAP(K)60156616, 87JAP(K)6236319>, while 4,6-diaryl-3,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4/f-l,3,5-thiadiazine-2(3//)-thiones are reported to be antiatherosclerotic agents <85EUP135109, 86EUP183173, 87JAP(K)62195377>. 

Antioxidant activity, antiinflammatory activity, bronchodilahx, reduces the release of histamine Antiatherosclerotic effect, inhibit the oxidation of LDL, cancer chemopreventive activity Antiinflammatory activity, beneficial cardiovascular effects, anti atherosclerotic effects, antioxidant activity, chemoprotective advantages Antioxidant activity, chemopreventive and anticarcinogenic effects, antiinflammatory activity... 

Polyphenols, such as curcumin, quercetin and resveratrol, are some examples of naturally occurring phytochemicals with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, beneficial cardiovascular effects," antiatherosclerotic effects, chemopreventive, and anticarcinogenic effects. An abundance of mechanistic information has become available on how polyphenols derived from dietary sources, which have putative chemopreventive properties, interfere with tumor promotion and progression. The effect of these bioactive compounds on the organism is influenced by their bioavailability, namely, their ability to be effectively absorbed by the human body. However, the polyphenols have a poor bioavailability and are rapidly metabolized by human body, losing their potential beneficial effects. ... 

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