Sustainability future trends

In this first textbook on the topic we aim to give a comprehensive overview on the current status of the field of sustainable, eco-efficient and competitive production of (novel) polymeric materials via enzymatic polymerization. Furthermore an outlook on the future trends in this field is given. 

As a result of the shortcomings of current insulin therapy, much work has been directed toward developing polymeric controlled release systems that can be implanted or injected into the body to achieve glucose control in patients with diabetes. This chapter will review the history of such systems and will discuss ciurent technology and future trends for the sustained delivery of insulin for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Several media serving as carriers include synthetic absorbable polymers, biomolecules, and ceramics. 

Future trends of consumer behaviors may include buying second-hand textiles where possible buy fewer and more durable textile products for new product shopping select the ones made with least energy and also toxic chemicals lease clothing, where possible wash textiles less often at lower temperatures with appropriate detergents dry in open air avoid ironing where possible and repair the available textile products. Possible consumer opposition to the above-mentioned precautions can be changed with education about a sustainable textile approach. 

Keywords Concrete-polymer composites. Polymer-modified concrete. Polymer concrete. Polymer-impregnated concrete. Principles of process technology. Research and development. Standardization work. Sustainable concrete-polymer composites. History, The recent and future trends. 

Abstract. The present paper deals with the principles of process technology for concrete-polymer composites, the research and development history of the concrete-polymer composites, the recent trends in the research and development of the concrete-polymer composites and the present status of major standardization work for the concrete-polymer composites, on the basis of comprehensive literature survey. The future trends in the research and development of the concrete-polymer composites are predicted, and sustainable concrete-polymer composites are proposed for the 21st century. 

Another future trend is the idea of chemical leasing (www.chemicaUeasing.com), a novel business model of sustainable management of chemicals, in which the responsibility of the producer increases as the producer no longer just sells the chemical but remains the owner of the chemical. As such the producer assists in textile processing and is responsible for the waste management of the used chemicals. This model is intended to promote more successful chemical management. 

Abstract This chapter will introduce advances in properties, production and manufacturing techniques of the advanced polymer/fibre composite materials that are utilised in the manufacture of machines that produce sustainable energy. Chapter 19 discussed the various methods of transferring wind, tidal, wave and solar energies into electrical power and this chapter will show how advanced composites are utilised in these various machines. Furthermore, it will suggest methods for the repair, maintenance and recycling of advanced polymer composite wind turbine blades. Finally, the future trends of sustainable energy systems and the role that polymers and polymer/fibre composites will have in their manufacture/fabrication will be evaluated. 

Each section will express in detail features that can impart advanced properties to the polymer composites, with methods of surface modification, the central role of composites as sustained and controlled release systems (of drugs and other bioactive agents), and a part that reports on nanocomposites. The chapter concludes with general remarks and an insight of the likely future trends concerning the use of polymer composites for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. 

Since 1971, the overall demand for isocyanates has increased at a compounded rate of 12%. Although this level will not likely be sustained in the future due to the maturation of key appHcation markets, it is probable that additional growth will occur through the year 2000. This trend will likely iaclude a shift in emphasis from TDl to MDl and polymeric MDl-based materials. New growth opportunities in the constmction industry, stmctural appHcations, and growth in the automotive industry exist. Third-world markets are also anticipated to provide growth opportunities. 

The current trend to innovation, as well as future needs to more sustainable solutions, requires development of new polymeric materials. Other than new... 

The development that has taken place is the result of 100-150 years of enormous investments. All over the world, this has left us with a sewer and treatment plant infrastructure that will be in use for an unknown future. We will still see developments in terms of technical improvements and sustainable solutions. However, we will not, as a general trend, see the wastewater collection and treatment concept replaced by, e.g., centralized collection of solid human excreta or on-site solutions. This could have been a realistic option for further development 150 years ago — not now ... 

To mitigate these two trends, the world should put in place a more sustainable development, that is, a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet its needs. ... 

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