Functions of a Package

The purity of oxygen from chlorate candles before and after gas filtration is indicated in Table 2. A particulate filter is always used. Filter chemicals are HopcaUte, which oxidizes CO to CO2 molecular sieves (qv), which remove chlorine compounds and basic materials, eg, soda lime, which removes CO2 and chlorine compounds. Other than H2O and N2, impurity levels of <1 ppm can be attained. Moisture can be reduced by using a desiccant (see Desiccants). Gas purity is a function of candle packaging as well as composition. A hotter burning unit, eg, one in which steel wool is the binder, generates more impurities. 

In 2004, Office Media (Tokyo) developed a new PLA film exhibiting vastly improved functionality as a packaging material. Through combination with other biodegradable plastics, the film s transparency, flexibility, heat resistance and impact resistance, have been balanced in multiple dimensions, and through adopting two-layer and three-layer structures, gas barrier properties have also been improved. Technology to eliminate the characteristic odour of PLA developed independently by Office Media, have also been applied. 

Chemical Composition The chemical composition of the materials of construction may affect the safety of a packaging component. New materials may result in new substances being extracted into the dosage form or a change in the amount of known extractables. The chemical composition may also affect the compatibility, functional characteristics, or protective properties of packaging components by changing rheological or other physical properties (e.g., elasticity, resistance to solvents, or gas permeability). 

In addition to commercial systems, there are quite a number of oscillator circuits that can be built from relatively inexpensive components to perform tiie essential measurements without the functions and convenience of a packaged instrument [22-28]. Both the commercial systems and most of these home-built oscillator circuits yield just one piece of information the resonant frequency of the TSM device. While this is sufficient for mass-loading-only applications like vacuum deposition of metal films, for some electrochemical processes, and even for appropriately selected chemically sensitive films, it can fall short when changes in the mechanical properties of a surface layer or contacting medium are significant [29]. 

Where the pharmaceutical manufacturer has a requirement not met by the supplier s application, there may be a requirement for development of cnstomized software. If the LIMS supplier is to be used as the developer, the development life cycle and ongoing support arrangements should be agreed. The LIMS supplier may wish to include the customization in a future release of the LIMS to increase the functionality of the package. Care should be taken to ensure sufficient testing of the cnstomized code before implementation as it may not have been used previously in a production environment. 

Functional barrier A package construction or barrier layer which limits the extent of migration of a component from the package to the food or food simulant in amounts below a threshold value see threshold of no concern or migration limits. 

The case-packing function is one area of the packaging line that can benefit greatly from automation, since this function is one of the most labor-intensive areas of a packaging line. Case packers can be high-volume, automatic machines that can handle products more gently than human hands. 

Tub filling machines can be fitted with a variety of functions depending on whether the margarine is packaged in tubs with a heat-sealed membrane or cover-leaf under the lid, for example. The main functions of a tub filling machine for margarine normally are (67) ... 

The basic idea behind the DOSY concept is similar to the one behind multidimensional NMR. In 2-D NMR, a modulation in the phase or signal intensity with respect to a known time increment is recovered by inverse FT. In a DOSY experiment, the diffusion coefficient is recovered from the signal decay as a function of a diffusion increment by an ILT. In fact, the approximate ILT of the signal amplitude with respect to q, where q is defined as ygSf (t), yields the second dimension of the spectrum which correlates the chemical shift with the diffusion coefficient. Therefore, it was termed diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY). However, unlike the FT of the time domain signal that yields a unique solution, ILT does not yield a unique solution. Therefore, several software packages were developed to overcome this problem. Readers interested in more details concerning the DOSY techniques can consult a recent extensive review on the subject [17]. 

Physical Properties (Thermodynamics) Packages An important functionality of a process simulator is its ability to calculate thermodynamic and physical properties of materials (e.g. density or boiling point). 

The primary function of a lubricant is to create a film barrier between moving mechanical parts to reduce friction and wear. It also acts as a coolant, suppresses harmful deposit formation and controls corrosion/oxidation. Since the base oil alone would struggle to meet these challenging demands, performance-enhancing additives in tailor-made formulations are added to the lubricant formulation. These packages can include antioxidant, antiwear, corrosion inhibitor, viscosity modifier, detergent and dispersant components. Not only do these additives improve overall efficiency in the engine, but they also extend the lifetime of the lubricant. 

J. Muchow, A. Kretschmann, R. Henn, K. Skrobanek, S. Finkbeiner, H.-R. Krauss, Influence of process variation on the functionality of a high pressure sensor, Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS, DTIP 2002, SPIE Proc 4755, Bellingham WA, USA, 2002, 143-148. 

An optical sensor that combines the functions of a twilight sensor and a solar sensor in one package is referred to as a light sensor. Light sensors have been on the market since 1997. 

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