Chlorinated compound removal

The purity of oxygen from chlorate candles before and after gas filtration is indicated in Table 2. A particulate filter is always used. Filter chemicals are HopcaUte, which oxidizes CO to CO2 molecular sieves (qv), which remove chlorine compounds and basic materials, eg, soda lime, which removes CO2 and chlorine compounds. Other than H2O and N2, impurity levels of <1 ppm can be attained. Moisture can be reduced by using a desiccant (see Desiccants). Gas purity is a function of candle packaging as well as composition. A hotter burning unit, eg, one in which steel wool is the binder, generates more impurities. 

The trichloroethylene is oxidized, the gaseous products are removed by the flowing air, and the ehlorine is eaptured by the solid soda and forms salt. The solid salt is removed by diseharging the used OXITOX at the bottom of the reaetor. This is a relatively slow reaetion and the central interest is in removing the last traees of toxic chlorinated compounds (for which TCE is only a model eompound), therefore a very simple model was used. Based on conservation prineiples, it was assumed that chloride removed from the gas phase ends up in the solid phase. This was proven in several material balanee ealeulations. No HCl or other ehlorinated compound was found in the gas phase. The eonsumption rate for TCE was expressed as ... 

As many emissions involve chlorinated compounds, corrosion is a major problem in many control methods. The corrosion of columns and surface condensers can be prevented or reduced by the correct material selection. However, corrosion remains a constant threat to the interior of incinerators. Additional pollution control equipment such as scrubbers may also be required to remove acidic compounds from treated gases before discharging into the atmosphere. 

Partial anaerobic dechlorination of chlorinated dibenzo[l,4]dioxins has been observed in sediment slurries. The 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro compound produced predominantly l,3-dichlorodibenzo[l,4]-dioxin (Beurskens et al. 1995 Ballerstedt et al. 1997), and for substrates with five to seven chlorine substituents, chlorine was removed from both the peri and the lateral positions (Barkovskii and... 

Kirkpatrick, M.J., Finney, W.C. and Locke, B.R. (2003) Chlorinated organic compound removal by gas phase pulsed streamer corona electrical discharge with reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes, Plasmas and Polymers 8, 165-77. 

Relube A process for removing sulfur and chlorine compounds from waste oils, particularly those contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls. Developed by Kinetics Technology International, The Netherlands, and operated first in Greece. 

Both the MPT and DTS use CATOX units to destroy VOCs in the gaseous effluent streams. The CATOX units use a Pt/Pd oxidation catalyst. AEA uses a scrubber and filter upstream of the CATOX units to remove phosphorus, fluorine, and chlorine compounds that could poison the catalyst. 

Rats exposed to 5.4mg/m of the 54% chlorine compound for 7 hours daily for 4 months showed increased liver weight and injury to liver cells 1.5mg/m for 7 months also produced histopathologic evidence of liver damage, which was considered to be of a reversible character. The minimal lethal dose when the liquid was applied to the skin of rabbits was 1.5 g/kg. The vapor and the liquid are moderately irritating to the eye contact of the chemical with skin leads to removal of natural fats and oils, with subsequent drying and cracking of the skin. ... 

Soils contaminated with high levels of organically bound sulfur compounds require the use of additional wet scrubbing. Soils contaminated with high levels of organically bound chlorine compounds require the use of additional wet or dry scrubbing equipment. Soils containing heavy metals may require additional posttreatment processes to stabilize or remove the metals. 

This technology can remove oily sludges, pesticides, herbicides, pentachlorophenol, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), coal by-products, wood treating compounds, dioxins, and furans. It is often used in conjunction with the company s base-catalyzed decomposition (BCD) process. The BCD process is designed to treat chlorinated compounds. 

Bioremediation is not effective in the removal of metals, cyanides, and some chlorinated compounds. High levels of some contaminants may inhibit biological activity in the treatment system. A treatability study is typically performed prior to initiation of a full-scale treatment system to determine the applicability of slnrry-phase bioremediation. If ambient temperatures are low, heating of the bioreactor may be required. 

Thermal desorption technologies have several potential limitations. Inorganic contaminants or metals that are not particularly volatile will not be effectively removed by the process. If chlorine or another chlorinated compound is present, some volatilization of inorganic constituents in the waste may also occur. Caution should also be taken regarding the disposition of the material treated by thermal desorption because the treatment process may alter the physical properties of the material. 

DVE does not destroy contaminants it must be used in conjunction with another remediation technology. DVE cannot remove heavy chlorinated compounds or hydrocarbons heavier than the middiesel range. DVE cannot recover pesticides or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Generally, the deeper the contaminant, the more complex extraction becomes. Problems with iron fouling have been reported at DVE sites. 

Inorganic contaminants or metals that are not particularly volatile will not be effectively removed by thermal desorption. H chlorine or another chlorinated compound is present, some volatilization of inorganic constituents in the waste may also occur. 

The base-catalyzed decomposition (BCD) technology is a chemical dechlorination technology for the ex situ treatment of soils, sludges, and liquids contaminated with PCBs and other chlorinated compounds. In the two-step process, chlorine atoms on chlorinated molecules are removed and replaced by hydrogen atoms, using heat and commonly available chemicals in the presence of a catalyst. 

It is a chlorine compound, which acts by evolution of chlorine to remove the pigmentation of teeth. It is also used clinically by packing into the cavity as a dry powder. 

In a hood, through a rapidly stirred suspension of 76 gm (0.396 mole) of cyclohexanoneazine in 300 ml of petroleum ether (b.p. 60°-90°C) cooled to —60°C is passed a slow stream of gaseous chlorine until a slight excess of the gas is noted. The excess of chlorine is removed by ventilation at the water aspirator. Then the solution is concentrated to half-volume by gentle evaporation at reduced pressure. The reaction system is filtered free from tarry impurities and the filtrate is allowed to stand for 24 hr at room temperature. The product gradually separates out and is isolated by filtration. Evaporation of the mother liquor may afford another crop of product. The total yield is 81.5 gm (78 %). The product, after recrystallization from petroleum ether, has a melting point of 66°C. (NOTE Since aliphatic azo compounds are inherently unstable and may serve as free radical sources, the stability of the product should always be checked with due precautions, and excessive exposure to heat should always be avoided.)... 

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