Automatic machines

The use of automatic machine tools, often computer controlled and programmable, requires abrasive elements which have performance and lifetime reproductibihty. Natural abrasives suffer on both counts performance is limited and inconsistent quaUty leads to unpredictable lifetimes. Manufactured abrasives have both superior performance and consistency consequendy, they have largely replaced the natural ones. 

In general, soHds-retaining batch and batch automatic machines are limited to low feed concentrations to minimize the time required to unload the soHds. Continuous disk centrifuges can have higher feed concentration. The limit is the underflow concentration. Conveyor discharge centrifuges can handle high feed concentration and are limited only by the volume of soHds displacement, or torque capacity. 

Automation of disinfection procedures, e.g. use of automatic machines, still with a good standard of general ventilation, for disinfecting endoscopes... 

These machines may be either semi-automatic or fully automatic. Semi-automatic machines such as the Type 8 machines (e.g., Capsugel s Cap 8... 

Osaka R-180 Brochure, Osaka Automatic Machine. Mfg Co., Osaka 591, Japan. 

Zinc is extracted from the purified solution in cells using lead/silver alloy anodes and aluminum cathodes at a current density of 38-60 amperes/square foot (400-650 amperes/square meter) The product is normally SHG zinc, particularly if strontium carbonate is added and/or lead/silver anodes of greater than 0.596 silver content are used. After deposition of 24 to 72 horns, the cathodes are removed from the cells and the zinc is stripped by automatic machines in modem plants, melted, and cast for market. The move to automated handling of large cathodes was a major factor in lowering the overall labor requirement in producing zinc. 

As early as 1718 there was a hand-operated repeating gun, and in 1862 Dr. Richard Gatling demonstrated a weapon of this kind which used revolving barrels. These weapons had severe limitations and it was not until 1884 that the first real fully automatic machine gun was patented by Sir Hiram Maxim. This was the first automatic firearm, and it was recoil operated.36 The development of the Maxim machine gun focused attention on the development of self-loading rifles and pistols. 

Shapes with a uniform section in the pressing direction are the easiest to produce by dry pressing. Pieces that vary in section require very careful powder preparation and may need special press facilities such as floating dies, i.e. dies free to move relative to the punches, or dies that split open to allow easy extraction of the compact. The time taken by a pressing on an automatic machine varies from 0.2 s for pieces of diameter around 1mm to 5 s for large complex shapes. 

Tubes are formed by extrusion. They have the advantage of being less fragile than flat pieces and are more suitable in some types of circuit assembly. After sintering, the tubes are completely coated with silver. Automatic machines then grind the silver from one end and remove a ring of silver from the outer surface near the other end (Fig. 5.9). The leads are looped round each end and soldered in place by immersion in solder. 

M 40 mild free cutting steel, low tensile steel, non-ferrous metals and light alloys turning, parting off, particularly on automatic machines... 

D 1580 Specification for Liquid Adhesives for Automatic Machine Labeling of... 

Adhesives for Automatic Machine Sealing Top Haps of Fiberboard Specimens (Intent to Withdraw)... 

Mapleston, P., Delcam Unveils Morphing, Automatic Machining Capabilities, MP, Aug. 2002. 

Build circuit board. This will usually be done by automatic machines. 

Choose an aerosol generator according to where you will use it—indoors or outdoors. Aerosol and fog generators are manufactured for many special uses. There are tmck- and trailer-mounted machines for use outdoors. Most hand-operated or permanently mounted automatic machines are for use indoors. 

The case-packing function is one area of the packaging line that can benefit greatly from automation, since this function is one of the most labor-intensive areas of a packaging line. Case packers can be high-volume, automatic machines that can handle products more gently than human hands. 

Most automatic machines used in industry are of the independent type and compress the measured amount of powder to form a plug. There are two types of mechanism the dosing tube (or dosator) and the dosing disc and tamping finger. 

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