Single refinery

Hybrid Crystallization/Adsorption Process. In 1994, IFP and Chevron announced the development of a hybrid process that reportedly combines the best features of adsorption and crystallization (59,99). In this option of the Eluxyl process, the adsorbent bed is used to initially produce PX of 90—95% purity. The PX product from the adsorption section is then further purified in a small single-stage crystallizer and the filtrate is recycled back to the adsorption section. It is reported that ultrahigh (99.9+%) purity PX can be produced easily and economically with this scheme for both retrofits of existing crystallization units as well as grass-roots units. A demonstration plant was built at Chevron s Pascagoula refinery in 1994. 

Gears, wherever used, can be a major source of problem and downtime. This standard specifies the minimum requirements for special-purpose, enclosed, precision, single- and double-helical one- and two-stage speed increasers and reducers of parallel-shaft design for refinery services. Primarily intended for gears that are in continuous service without installed spare equipment. These standards apply for gears used in the power industry. 

Replace old boilers - Older refinery boilers can be a significant source of SO, NO, and particulate emissions. It is possible to replace a large number of old boilers with a single new cogeneration plant with emissions controls. 

Single losses were most costly at refineries than in any other type of plant at an average loss of 73.700,000, The second most costly accidents occurred at petrochemical plants w iih an avciagc loss of 80,800,000. Although only 1% of the losses occurred at gas processing plants, the hiahest (vcrage loss was 117,800,000. 

Hydrocarbons, hot Single suction, often of the special type called refinery pumps, designed particularly for high temperature service. Closed with large inlets. 

Hot corrosives Single suction, with many refinery pump types also used here because of high temperatures and corresponding suction pressures. ... 

Figure 7-7A. Pressure level relationship conditions for pressure relief valve installed on a pressure vessel (vapor phase). Single valves (or more) used for process or supplemental valves for external fire (see labeling on chart). Reprinted by permission, Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure Relieving Devices in Refineries, Part 1 Sizing and Selection, API RP-520, 5th Ed., July 1990, American Petroleum Institute.

These large industrial manufacturers (paper mills, steel works, oil refineries, petrochemical facilities, etc.) tend to employ either high capacity (200,000-800,000 lb/hr) packaged D-type boilers, or field-erected, two-drum, single gas-pass industrial power boilers, which produce steam at up to 1,800 psig. 

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