Fuel oils additives

Monofunctional, cyclohexylamine is used as a polyamide polymerization chain terminator to control polymer molecular weight. 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexylamines ate usehil fuel additives, corrosion inhibitors, and biocides (50). Dicyclohexylamine has direct uses as a solvent for cephalosporin antibiotic production, as a corrosion inhibitor, and as a fuel oil additive, in addition to serving as an organic intermediate. Cycloahphatic tertiary amines are used as urethane catalysts (72). Dimethylcyclohexylarnine (DMCHA) is marketed by Air Products as POLYCAT 8 for pour-in-place rigid insulating foam. Methyldicyclohexylamine is POLYCAT 12 used for flexible slabstock and molded foam. DM CHA is also sold as a fuel oil additive, which acts as an antioxidant. StericaHy hindered secondary cycloahphatic amines, specifically dicyclohexylamine, effectively catalyze polycarbonate polymerization (73). 

Blake, Richard T. Fuel Oil Additives. Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning, Reinhold Publishing Co., USA, September 1975. 

Fuel octane number, 72 392, 395 Fuel oil, as a petroleum product, 78 669 Fuel oil additives amine oxides, 2 473 fatty amines, 2 534 Fuel properties, of ethers, 70 574 Fuel sources, chemical industry, 70 136 Fuel spills, hydrazine, 73 588 Fuels production, hydrocracking for, 76 842-844 Fuel sulfur, 70 54... 

As for similar additives for jet and gas-turbine fuels, the literature is sparse on those distillate fuel-oil additives reported to have definite beneficial influence on actual combustion and is confined largely to claims that certain stability improvers also reduce carbon deposits in preheaters and on burner tips. However, a recent report indicates that ferrocene has recently been groomed for a job as combustion catalyst in home heaters (15). As mentioned previously, this substance is reported to have excellent properties for prevention of carbon formation (2). 

Additives have been shown to effect decreases in coke deposits. Small amounts of organometallic compounds and commercial fuel-oil additives have been shown to decrease coke weight. Metallic compounds in excess can result in increased deposition because of the metal oxide, and some of these compounds have also been reported to cause metal corrosion, as have sulfur compounds. Results of investigations with additives to inhibit coke formation are not conclusive enough at present to justify their acceptance. 

The alcohol also finds use in the manufacture of lube and fuel oil additives and synthetic lubricants (about 6 percent of domestic consumption). The zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate anti-wear additive based on 2-ethylhexanol provides ideal compatability, oil solubility, and high temperature stability in many lube oils for both spark ignition and diesel engines. 

SASOL in South Africa produces a porous, prilled ammonium nitrate (PPAN) that finds its widest application in a mix with fiiel oil. This mixture is used as an explosive and is commonly known as ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil). Additional details about PPAN are given in Reference 106. 

Other applications of alkanolamides include dry cleaning soaps, fuel oil additives, rust inhibitors, textile scouring, and dye leveling agents. 

Organic compositions claimed to be useful as insecticidal, rust-inhibiting, lubricant und fuel-oil additives were obtained on heating monoolefinic polymers, white phosphorus and S2CI2 or SCI2 to 195-200 for 4 h The reaction may also be initiated by Co -7-radiation at 15-90 °C... 

Tertiary amines have unusually low viscosities, are more soluble in petroleum solvents, and are more selective and more stable than non tertiary amines [100], These amines are corrosion inhibitors and are intermediates in the preparation of materials coating, plastics, textile, paper, and leathers [101]. They are used as precursors of agricultural chemicals, like herbicides and insecticides, pharmaceutical and therapeutic agents, and in fuel oil additives such as aviation jet fuels, gasoline, and in lubricants [102]. 

MMT. MMT is a fuel additive developed in the 1950s to increase the octane level of gasoline and thus improve the antiknock properties of the fuel (Davis 1998 EPA 1984a HSDB 1993 Lynam et al. 1990 NAS 1973). It can also be used as a fuel oil additive and a smoke inhibitor (HSDB 1999). MMT was introduced into Canada in 1976 and its use has increased so substantially that it completely replaced tetraethyl lead in gasoline in that country in 1990 (Zayed et al. 1999). Ethyl Corporation, the manufacturer of MMT, has been marketing its product to U.S. refineries since late 1995 (Davis 1998). There are no data concerning the extent of its use in the U.S. 

Actene. [Aetna] Fuel oil additive dispersant, stabilizer emission control... 

Cyclo-Flo. [Taiwan Surf.] Fuel oil additive sludge preventive. 

Desludgit. [Stewart Hall] Fuel oil additives for sludge remov. ... 

Duomeen . [Al Akzo Chem. BV] Alkyl propane diamines or salts chemical intomediate, corrosion inhibitor, fuel oil additive, flotation agent used in metals, textiles, plastics, herbicides, paints, bitumen emulsions epoxy curing i ent... 

Finazoline. [Finetex] Imidazolines emulsifiers, wetting agents, softeners, intermediates, corrosion inliibitors for metalworking and fuel oil additives, ore flotatiai, cosmetics, textiles. 

Halso . [OxyChem] Monochloro-tduene extender, diluent, or substitute for other organic solvents for dye carrier, fuel oil additive, sludge solvent, in paint thinnas and strippers, metal parts cleaners, adhesives, t c. applies. 

Mag-Plus. [Nat l. Magnesia Qiem.] High purity (97%) MgO for processing/mfg. paper, pulp, sugar, motor/fuel oil additives, steel, aluminum, concrete, paint, leath , cellulosics, fibers, rubber, ceramics, plastics. 

Elastomag . [Morton ht L] Magnesium oxide emical thk kener for polyester resins used in adhesives, fuel oil additives, as acid accepter for specialty plastics and rubber. 

Kemamine P Series. [Witco/Humko] Fatty acid primary amines emulsifier, ftotadon agent dispersant intermediate, lubricant used in rttetalwtBking oils, as fuel oil additive mold release fix plastics and robber... 

---