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Stationary applications, fuel cell

Today s rapidly increasing activities on hydrogen focus mostly on vehicle applications and less on stationary applications. For fuel cells, stationary applications are also relevant, but natural gas will be the dominant fuel here. The dominance of the transport sector is also reflected in the hydrogen roadmaps developed, among others, in the EU, the USA, Japan, or at an international level. Whereas in the beginning, onsite or decentralised production options based on fossil fuels or electricity are seen as the major option for hydrogen production, later on central production options will dominate the market. Here, several options could play a role, from coal, with carbon capture and sequestration, through natural gas and renewables (wind, biomass) to nuclear. A C02-free or lean vision can be identified in every roadmap. The cost... [Pg.267]

Recently, the number of studies devoted to the development of anion exchange membranes has significantly increased. There are numerous examples of relatively high-ion exchange capacity membranes, with respectable OH conductivity that exceeds the minimum conductivity requirements, for instance, for fuel cell stationary applications. [Pg.35]

FIYPER Project Installation Permitting Guidance for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Stationary Applications (EU-Supported Coordinating Activity)... [Pg.623]

Fuel cells are a future energy system with a high potential for environmentally friendly energy conversion that can be used in stationary and mobile applications. Depending on the type of fuel cells, stationary applications include... [Pg.640]

Stationary power is the most mature application for fuel cells. Stationary fuel cell units are used for backup power, power for remote locations, stand-alone power plants for towns and cities, distributed generation for buildings, and cogeneration where excess thermal energy from electricity generation is used for heat. [Pg.272]

Although it is possible to burn hydrogen directly as a fuel (as in an internal combustion engine as a direct replacement for gasoline), most projections of widespread future hydrogen use envisage its use in fuel cells. There are four main areas of such applications auxiliary power units, portable fuel cells, stationary power and FCVs. [Pg.29]

Stationary off-grid applications such as gas turbine, fuel cell power plant, or internal combustion engines operated in the CHP mode are appropriate for decentralized energy provision. In particular high temperature fuel cells are applicable in households because of their need for both electricity and heat. [Pg.289]

Fuel cell technology applications vary from portable/micro power and transportation through to stationary power for buildings and distributed generation. Various fuel cell applications operating at different temperatures have been developed solid polymer fuel cells also known... [Pg.960]

Powering vehicles is an important application of fuel cells. In such engines the operating conditions change frequently, and current research shows that fuel cells for automobiles have a much shorter lifetime than fuel cells in applications with stationary working conditions. Such fuel cells can encounter many potentially destructive conditions, such as feed starvation and low relative humidity (RH). [Pg.265]

Small-scale Pd-alloy MRs became available in the 1980s for CH4/ CH3OH reforming to produce H2 for stationary fuel-cell-type applications. However, large-scale industrial applications have not yet materialized because of a number of concerns, as follows. [Pg.135]

Because of this extreme sensitivity, attention shifted to an acidic system, the phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), for other applications. Although it is tolerant to CO, the need for liquid water to be present to facilitate proton migration adds complexity to the system. It is now a relatively mature technology, having been developed extensively for stationary power usage, and 200 kW units (designed for co-generation) are currently for sale and have demonstrated 40,000 hours of operation. An 11 MW model has also been tested. [Pg.528]

The PAFC is, however, suitable for stationary power generation, but faces several direct fuel cell competitors. One is the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), which operates at "650°C and uses an electrolyte made from molten potassium and lithium carbonate salts. Fligh-teinperature operation is ideal for stationary applications because the waste heat can enable co-generation it also allows fossil fuels to be reformed directly within the cells, and this reduces system size and complexity. Systems providing up to 2 MW have been demonstrated. [Pg.528]

Prater, K. B. (1996). Solid Polymer Fuel Cells for Transport and Stationary Applications. Journal ot Power Sources 61 105-109. [Pg.644]

Fuel cells have attracted considerable interest because of their potential for efficient conversion of the energy (AG) from a chemical reaction to electrical energy (AE). This efficiency is achieved by directly converting chemical energy to electricity. Conventional systems burn fuel in an engine and convert the resulting mechanical output to electrical power. Potential applications include stationary multi-megawatt power plants, battery replacements for personal electronics, and even fuel-cell-powered unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAVs). [Pg.503]

K. Tatsumi, A. Mabuchi, N. lwashita, H. Sa-kaebe, H. Shioyama, H. Fujimoto, S. Higuchi, in Batteries and Fuel Cells for Stationary and Electric Vehicle Applications (Eds A. R. Landgrebe, Z. Takehara) Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 1993, PV 93-8, p. 64. [Pg.415]

While the PEM fuel cells appear to be suitable for mobile applications, SOFC technology appears more applicable for stationary applications. The high operating temperature gives it flexibility towards the type of fuel used, which enables, for example, the use of methane. The heat thus generated can be used to produce additional electricity. Consequently, the efficiency of the SOFC is -60 %, compared with 45 % for PEMFC under optimal conditions. [Pg.345]

Schiller G, Henne R, Lang M, and Muller M. Development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) for stationary and mobile applications by applying plasma deposition processes. Mat. Sci. Forum 2003 3 2539-2544. [Pg.281]

During the past three decades, major efforts have been made to develop more practical and affordable designs for stationary power applications. Today, the most widely deployed fuel cells cost about 4,000 per kilowatt compared to diesel generator costs of 800 to 1,500 per kilowatt. A large natural gas turbine can be even less. [Pg.31]


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