Fragrances balsamic

Many people who are allergic to tea tree oil also react to turpentine, colophony, fragrances, balsam of Peru, and plant extracts of Compositae (8). 

Amyris Oil. Obtained by steam distillation of the wood of y m hakamijera L., the so-called West Indian sandalwood which is indigenous to northern South America, Central America, and the West Indies, amyris oil [8015-65-4] is a pale yellow to brownish yellow viscous oil with a slightly oily-sweet and occasionally peppery balsamic woody note. It finds use as a blender and fixative for soap fragrances. The volatile constituents, which are primarily hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, are shown in Table 22 and Figure 5 (63). 

Bay Oil. Steam distillation of the leaves of the tree Pimenta racemosa (Mill) which is indigenous to certain islands of the West Indies, particularly Dominica and Puerto Rico, is called bay or bay leaf oil. The same source was used in the past to produce Bay Rum in which mm was distilled over the leaves. Bay oil [8006-78-8] is a yellowish to dark brown mobile Hquid with a fresh-spicy, sometimes medicinal odor with a lasting sweet-balsamic undertone. The oil finds extensive use in hair tonics, after-shave lotions as well as other men s-type fragrances. There is Htde or no use by the flavor industry. The range of components for a number of bay leaf oils is shown in Table 25 (66). 

Pimento Berry Oil. The pimento or allspice tree, Pimenta dioca L. (syn. P. officinalis, Liadl.), a native of the West Indies and Central America, yields two essential oils of commercial importance pimento berry oil and pimenta leaf oil. The leaf oil finds some use ia perfumery for its resemblance to clove leaf and cinnamon leaf oils as a result of its high content of eugenol. Pimento berry oil is an item of commerce with extensive appHcation by the flavor industry ia food products such as meat sauces, sausages, and pickles, and moderate use ia perfumery, where it is used primarily as a modifier ia the modem spicy types of men s fragrances. The oil is steam-distilled from dried, cmshed, fully grown but unripe fmits. It is a pale yellow Hquid with a warm-spicy, sweet odor with a fresh, clean topnote, a tenacious, sweet-balsamic-spicy body, and a tea-like undertone. A comparative analysis of the headspace volatiles of ripe pimento berries and a commercial oil has been performed and differences are shown ia Table 52 (95). 

Uses. Cinnamyl alcohol and its esters, especially cinnamyl acetate, are widely employed in perfumery because of their excellent sensory and fixative properties. They are frequently used in blossom compositions such as lilac, jasmine, lily of the valley, hyacinth, and gardenia to impart balsamic and oriental notes to the fragrance. In addition, they ate utilized as modifiers in berry, nut, and spice flavor systems. The value of cinnamyl alcohol has also been mentioned in a variety of appHcations which include the production of photosensitive polymers (49), the creation of inks for multicolor printing (50), the formulation of animal repellent compositions (51), and the development of effective insect attractants (52). 

Hydrocinnamic alcohol is a slightly viscous, colorless liquid with a blossomy-balsamic odor, slightly reminiscent of hyacinths. Esterification with aliphatic carboxylic acids is important because it leads to additional fragrance and flavor materials. 

R = CH2CH2C6H5, C17H16O2, Mr 252.31, occurs in extracts from Populus balsamifera buds. It is a crystalline solid (mp 65-68 °C) with a heavy, rosy-balsamic odor. It is used as a fixative in blossom fragrances. 

Uses. The main application of vanillin is the flavoring of foods (e.g., ice cream, chocolate, bakery products, and confectioneries). Small quantities are used in perfumery to round and fix sweet, balsamic fragrances. Vanillin is also used as a brightener in galvanotechnical processes and is an important intermediate in, for example, the production of pharmaceuticals such as L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) and methyldopa. 

Benzyl alcohol (1) occurs widely in essential oils both as the free alcohol, and, more importandy from a fragrance standpoint, in the form of various esters. Although benzyl alcohol itself is rather bland in odor, combined with its much more fragrant esters it is an important part of the odor of jasmine, ylang-ylang, gardenia, some rose varieties, narcissus and peony, as well as castoreum, balsams of peru and tolu, and propolis. Benzyl alcohol occurs primarily in flower oils and tree exudates, whereas a large number of essential oils obtained from other parts of a wide variety of plants contain no benzyl alcohol or its esters (1). 

Cancian M, Fortina AB, Peserico A. Contact urticaria syndrome from constituents of balsam of Peru and fragrance mix in a patient with chronic urticaria. Contact Dermatitis 1999 41(5) 300. 

The fragrance mix, introduced in 1977 by Larsen (1), is used to detect sensitivity to fragrances in, for example, cosmetics and household products (SEDA-20, 149) (2). The mix contains eight widely used fragrance compounds. Additional indicators of fragrance allergy are balsam of Peru and colophony. 

Ointment bases do not seem to cause contact allergy in the anogenital region too often, despite wide use. Wool wax alcohol and amerchol L-101 are the most important (15,17). Contact sensitivity to balsam of Peru and fragrance mix is not infrequent and reflects the ubiquitous presence of these substances (16). 

Substances that are used in wound dressings include hydrogels, hydrocolloids, alginates, and polyurethane foams. Medicaments that they contain include wool wax alcohols (amerchol, cetearyl alcohol, propylene glycol), plant resins/ethereal oils (balsam of Peru, colophony, fragrance mix, propolis), and topical antibiotics. 

Canada balsam, from the North American balsam fir, is a liquid, d 0.98, used in microscopy, in fine lacquers, as a flavoring, and as a fragrance. 

R = CH2C6H5, Ci4Hi202, Mt 212.25, Z>p2.okPa 170-171 °C, df 1.1121, ng 1.5680, is the main component of Peru balsam oil. It occurs in fairly large amounts in a number of blossom concretes and absolutes (e.g., tuberose and hyacinth). It forms either a viscous liquid or solid flakes (mp 21-22°C) and has a weak, sweet-balsamic odor. It is prepared either by transesterification of technical methyl benzoate with benzyl alcohol, or from benzyl chloride and sodium benzoate. A third process starts with benzaldehyde, which is converted in high yield into benzyl benzoate in the presence of sodium or aluminum benzylate (Tishchenko reaction). Benzyl benzoate is used in perfumery as a fixative and as a modifier in heavy blossom fragrances. 

Each fluid ounce of lotion contains permethrin 280 mg (1%) as its active ingredient and balsam fir Canada, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, FD C yellow No. 6, fragrance, hydrolyzed animal protein, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyoxyethylene 10 cetyl ether, propylene glycol, stearalko-nium chloride, water, isopropyl alcohol 5.6 g (20%), meth-ylparaben 56 mg (0.2%), and propylparaben 22 mg (0.08%) as its inactive ingredients. 

Products and Uses As a flavoring and fragrance for smoky, richly balsamic or cinnamic flavors. Derived from evergreen trees or shrubs. In chocolate manufacturing, expectorants, cough syrups, shampoo fragrances, and hair conditioners. 

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