Food industry applications, cyclodextrins

Among the most recent and sophisticated flavor encapsulation processes,cyclodextrin complexation represents a special way of encapsulation entrapment of flavors on the lowest possible scale,which is called molecular encapsulation.In this process,every flavor constituent is surrounded by a cyclodextrin ring which offers an almost perfect protection against damaging effects of the environment.The most significant advantages of the application of molecular encapsulation in the food industry and cosmetics are as follows/1/ ... 

A very interesting field in membrane bioreactors is the production of cyclodextrins or oligosaccharides. In general, they have applications in food pharmaceutical, cosmetic agricultural, and plastics industries as emulsifiers, antioxidant, and stabilizing agents. In the food industry cyclodextrins are employed for the preparation of cholesterol-free products. The use of enzymatic membrane reactors to produce... 

In the chemistry of inclusion compounds, there is no doubt that cyclodextrins (CDs) belong to the most important class of host molecules. The remarkable career of cyclodextrins in research and industrial applications is due to their ability to incorporate selectively many organic/inorganic molecules, ions and even radicals. CDs have found numerous applications in many areas, especially in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food and tobacco industries, as well as in cosmetics and toiletry [8]. 

Cyclodextrin inclusion compounds have found application in pharmacology, the food industry, and cosmetics. Typical examples are the solubilization of insulin and steroids, the removal of cholesterol from egg yolk, and the conservation of basis notes in perfumes by slow release rates of rose oil and similar ingredients. Chemical stabilization of oxygen-sensitive compounds, e.g., the sulfides of onions and garlic flavor, and of vitamins is also achieved by cyclodexteins. 

A wide area of supramolecular chemistry focuses on host-guest interactions between two or more molecules that are not covalently bonded (1). A special part of this chemistry deals with cyclodextrins and their derivatives (2). It is well known that cyclodextrins tend to include several types of hydrophobic guest molecules into their cavity. Accordingly, a large number of applications have been found in many areas, eg, in food chemistry as well as in the pharmaceutical (3) and cosmetic industries. Furthermore, cyclodextrins may be used in organic chemistry and also in polymer chemistry. 

Most industrial uses of cyclodextrins are based on their ability to form supramolecular inclusion complexes with diverse guests [4]. They are used as solubilizers or drug transporters for pharmaceutical applications [5], as stabilizers and taste protectors in food and cosmetic industries [6], and as static phase in chromatography [7] for the separation of chiral entities. The required properties of cyclodextrin derivatives vary depending on the desired application, such as enantioselectivity for the separation of enantiomers or stability of the inclusion complex for encapsulation of drugs. Native cyclodextrins rarely match perfectly to the application so their modification is necessary to fine-tune their properties. In that context, efficient and selective methodologies have to be developed to access new derivatives that could be adapted to the desired application. Cyclodextrins are a particular class of complex carbohydrate derivatives, as they are easily produced... 

Enzymatic process is the main method to produce cyclodextrins (CDs), and so far, chemical methods have been reported. CD is industrially produced from starch, glucogen, malto-oligosaccharides, and other dextrins through catalysis by cyclodextrin glucosyl transferase (CGTase). More and more researchers focus on the essential CGTase to prepare CD due to its wide applications in food, medicine, cosmetics, environmental protection, and analytical chemistry. 

It is significant to note that the cyclodextrins have good water solubilities. They are finding extensive use in the pharmaceutical industries of some countries as vehicles either to solubilize drugs or to protect them as they pass through the digestive system. Other applications in such diverse areas as that of food additives and in pesticide formulations have been realized. 

There are two general types of applications of cycloflmctans. First, they have been used as bulk additives in various industrial formulations, in much the same manner as cyclodextrins, another type of cyclic oligosaccharides, have. For example, cyclofructans have been be used as the coating material for inkjet recording media [6,7] and silver halide photographic materials [8-11], as food additives [12-16], and as excipients in pharmaceutical applications [17-21]. Second, cyclofructans have... 

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