Fly Bait

Experiments with house flies pointed to a considerable buffering action in the intestine.3 Solutions of arsenious acid and of the stoichiometric quantities of sodium hydroxide and arsenious oxide to form normal sodium arsenite, containing 15 g. of sucrose per 100 c.c., were fed to adult flies. The pH values of the former solutions were 6-58 to 6-96 and of the latter 11-3 to 11-4, but the toxicities were equal, being 0-14 mg. As per g. body weight—a large value for an insect. None of these solutions was repellent to the flies, but if the pH was increased beyond 11-4 repellent action was observed house fly bait therefore should not contain more alkali than is necessary to hold the arsenic in solution. The eradication of the tsetse fly by similar means is difficult. There is not much chance of a poisonous dose being taken from the skin of a dipped animal, but a toxic dose can be taken up from an arsenic-impregnated area by means of the proboscis.4... 

It also is used for the control of internal parasites affecting domestic animals and livestock. Trichlorfon is available in dust, emulsifiable concentrate, granular, fly bait, and soluble powder formulations with the percentage active of ingredient ranging from 40% (soluble powder) to 98% (technical). Trichlorfon is a selective insecticide, meaning that it kills selected insects.28... 

SYNS BOMYL DIMETHYL l,3-BIS(CARBOMETHO-XY)-l-PROPEN-2-YL PHOSPHATE DIMETHYL-1,3-DI(CARBOMETHOXY)-l-PROPEN-2-YL PHOSPHATE DIMETHYL 3-piMETHOXYPHOSPHINYLOXY)GLUTA-CONATE DIMETHYL 3-HYDROXYGLUTACONATE DIMETHYL PHOSPHATE ENT 24,833 FLY BAIT GRITS GC 3707 GENERAL CHEMICALS 3707 3-HYDROXYGLUTACONIC ACID, DIMETHYL ESTER, DIMETHYL PHOSPHATE 3-HYDROXY-2-PENTANE-DIOIC ACID, DIMETHYL ESTER, DIMETHYL PHOSPHATE PHOSPHORIC ACID, DIMETHYL ESTER, ESTER with DIMETHYL 3-HYDROXYGLUTACONATE... 

TRICHLORO-l-HYDROXYETHYL-PHOSPHONATE, DIMETHYL ESTER (2,2,2-TRICHLORO-l-HYDRO-XYETHYL)PHOSPHONIC ACID DIMETHYL ESTER TRICHLOROPHON TRICHLORPHENE TRI-CHLORPHON TRICHLORPHON FN TRINEX TUGON TUGON FLY BAIT TUGON STABLE SPRAY... 

Azamethiphos is used as a pesticide spray for control of flies and cockroaches primarily in Europe, as it is not available for use in the United States. It has been used in commercial aquaculture to control external parasites (sea lice) in salmon. In addition, locally procured granular azamethiphos was used as a fly bait by US troops in the first Gulf War. 

Trichlorfon was introduced in 1950, and has been used as an insecticide since 1952. It is available in the form of dust, granular, emulsifiable concentrate, soluble powdei injectable solution, tablets, and fly bait. Trichlorfon is a broad-spectrum insecticide that is particularly used against Diptera. It is used to control a variety of other insects in field, vegetable, and fruit crops, and forestry. In domestic animals, trichlorfon is used for the control of internal and external parasites. 

Muscalure is the sex attractant of the common housefly. Flies are lured to traps by filling them with fly bait containing both muscalure and an insecticide. Eating the bait is fatal. 

Mcthoniyl, 1% ciyslals Fly bait Attract and kill flics Placed in pans outside latrines, tent.s... 

Another insecticide, o,o-dimethyl-2,2,2-trichIoro-l-hydroxy-ethylphosphonate, currently known as Bayer L 13/59 or Dipterex, can be determined in fly bait formulations. < >... 

An organocopper coupling reaction is carried out commercially to synthesize muscalure, (9Z)-tricosene, the sex attractant secreted by the common housefly. Minute amounts of muscalure greatly increase the lure of insecticide-treated fly bait and provide an effective and species-specific means of insect control. 

The Gilman reagent has been used in the industrial synthesis of muscalure, the sex attractant of the common house-fly. Muscalure is added to fly bait that also contains an insecticide. When the fly eats the bait, the attraction is fatal. 

Vinyl Phosphates. Dichlorvos [62-73-7] 0,0-dimethyl 0-(2,2-dichloroviayl) phosphate, (CH20)2P(0)0CH=CCl2 (bp 140°C at 27 kPa, d 1.314, vp 1.6 Pa at 20°C), is soluble ia water to about 10 g/L. The half-hfe ia water is 8 h. The rat oral LD qS are 80, 56 mg/kg. Dichlorvos is used ia aerosols and sugar baits to control flies and mosquitoes. Slow release formulations have been used ia plastic strips and pet collars to control animal ectoparasites. 

Methoprene and hydroprene are first-generation juvenoids that iacorporate minor stmctural optimisation of neotenin to increase persistence. Methoprene, 1-isopropyl (E,E)-ll-methoxy-3,7,ll-tnmethyl dodecadi-2,4-enoate (129) (bp 100 C/6.7 Pa, vp 3.5 mPa at 25°C), is soluble ia water to 1.4 mg/L. The rat oral LD q is >34,000 mg/kg. Methoprene has been used as a mosquito larvicide, ia baits for ant control, and as a catde feed-through treatment for horn fly control. Hydroprene, methyl (H,H)-3,7,ll-trimethyl-dodecadi-2,4-enoate (130) (bp 174°C at 2.5 kPa, vp 2.5 mPa at 25°C), is soluble ia water to 0.54 mg/L. The rat oral LD q is >34,000 mg/kg. Hydroprene is especially effective against aphids and cockroaches. 

Baits include mixtures of toxicant, usually at l ndash 5%, with a carrier especially attractive to the insect pest. Carriers include sugar for the houseflies, protein hydrolysates for fmit flies, bran for grasshoppers, and honey, chocolate, or peanut butter for ants. 

The male Mediterranean fmit fly Ceratitis capitata is similarly attracted to the terpenoid a-copaene [3856-25-5] (176) from the oil oiA.ngelica archangelica and this and the parakairomone tert-huty 2-methyl-4-chlorocyclohexanoate (trimedlure [12002-53-8]) are very extensively employed in monitoring for infestations of this destmctive pest. The female apple maggot fly Jiagoktispomonella is attracted to the apple volatile butyl hexanoate, which is used to bait sticky red spheres to monitor populations and time spray treatments. 

A fermented-egg product (EEP), patented as an attractive bait for synanthropic flies, has been shown to be attractive to coyotes and repeUent to deer (79). Its components are variable, with relative concentrations of 77% fatty acids, 13% bases, and 10% (primarily) neutrals composed of at least 54 volatiles such as ethyl esters, dimethyl disulfide, and 2-mercaptoethanol. Synthetic formulations have been evaluated to find a replacement for a patented fermented-egg protein product that attracts coyotes and repels deer. Ten aUphatic acids (C-2 to C-8), four amines (pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, and trimethyl), dimethyl disulfide, 2-mercaptoethanol, and 54 more volatiles (C-1 to C-5 esters of C-1 to C-8 acids) have been tested as synthetic fermented egg (SEE) (80) in approximately the same proportions that are present in EEP. Weathering was a problem that caused decreased efficacy, which suggests trials of controUed-release formulations. Eourteen repeUents have been examined against white-taU deer in Peimsylvania in choice tests when treated onto sheUed com (81). 

Z)-9-Tricosene [(Z)-CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)i2CH3] is the sex pheromone of the female housefly. Synthetic (Z)-9-tricosene is used as bait to lure male flies to traps that contain insecticide. Using acetylene and alcohols of your choice as starting materials, along with any necessary inorganic reagents, show how you could prepare (Z)-9-tricosene. 

Dnstabilised ylids usually give more ais product with aldehydes. Muscature (36) is a house-fly pheromone used to bait traps and the obvious Wittig synthesis gives 85% aio and 15% truMy. ... 

Organo-phosphorus compounds and fly control. Certain organo-phosphorus compounds have been used as fly-controlling agents, where fly populations have become resistant to chlorinated hydrocarbons such as D.D.T.2 The compounds are applied in the form of sugar baits which attract the flies and so increase the effectiveness of the poisons. 

These discoveries led to the simple traps that are now used to monitor tsetse flies and to control them. A test operation in Zimbabwe in the late 1980s gave dramatic evidence of how potent such traps can be. Insecticide-impregnated screens, baited with acetone and octenol, were distributed at a density of four screens per square kilometer. These traps reduced tsetse populations by more than 99.99 percent over an area of 600 square kilometers (230 square miles). The screens are even more effective when the urine-derived phenols are added to the attractants employed. Their effectiveness having been clearly demonstrated, traps and screens have become important complements to insecticide-based measures for controlling tsetse flies. 

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