Flammable liquids temperature effects

In view of the above adverse effects a safety factor should be applied where flammability is assessed using flash point. For pure liquids in containers the vapor should be considered potentially flammable if the liquid temperature is upward of at least 5°C below the reported flash point. For mixtures whose composition is less certain, such as petroleum mixtures, the safety factor should be about 15°C relative to the flash point [55]. Where combinations of adverse effects are identified the safety factors should be increased accordingly. A simple but very conservative approach is to assume that all liquids having a flash point <141°F may produce a flammable atmosphere under some ambient conditions, even where no mist or froth production is involved. A more practical approach is to assume that liquids handled in air at least 5-15°C below their closed cup flash points will not present ignition risks unless... 

By far the most important sulfide is CS2, a colourless, volatile, flammable liquid (mp — 111.6°, bp 46.25°, flash point —30°, autoignition temperature 100°, explosion limits in air 1.25 50%). Impure samples have a fetid almost nauseating stench due to organic impurities but the purified liquid has a rather pleasant ethereal smell it is very poisonous and can have disastrous effects on the nervous system and brain. CSt was formerly manufactured by direct reaction of S vapour and coke in He or steel retorts at 750 1000°C but, since the early 1950s, the preferred synthesis has been the catalysed reaction between sulfur and natural gas ... 

A California statue requiring hazardous materials management was passed in 1985 (24), but guidance for compliance for industries covered by the act was not issued until 1988 (25). A revised standard, which became effective in January of 1994 (26), applies to facilities handling any of 128 toxic materials flammable liquids and gases in quantities of 10,000 lb (4.541) or more, except where used as fuel or in atmospheric pressure, ambient temperature tanks and explosives. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion, skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. A severe skin and eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. Corrosive. Flammable liquid. May undergo exothermic polymerization at room temperature. May become explosive if confined. A fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. 

NIOSH REL (Diisocyanates) TWA 0.005 ppm CL 0.02 ppm/lOM DOT CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Label KEEP AWAY FROM FOOD DOT Class 6.1 Label Poison DOT Class 6.1 Label Poison, Flammable Liquid DOT Class 3 Label Flammable Liquid, Poison SAFETY PROFILE Poison by inhalation. Mildly toxic by ingestion. Human systemic effects by inhalation increased immune response and body temperature. A skin and eye irritant. An allergic sensitizer. Questionable carcinogen. Mutation data reported. A flammable liquid. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and SOx. See also CYANATES. 

The next era in the history of depressants also involved the search for an effective anesthetic. William Morton was a Boston dentist and medical student who was familiar with Wells s blunder, but Morton learned of another drug that he believed might be a better choice as an anesthetic ether. Ether is a highly flammable liquid that vaporizes at room temperature. When the ftimes are inhaled, they produce a state of intoxication. After conducting some initial experiments with ether, Morton asked permission to demonstrate its use as a general anesthetic. In 1846, just a year after... 

Flammable liquid flash point 37°C (100°F) (Sax 1996) stable at room temperature but explodes when exposed to flame or heated to >90°C (194°F) LEL 1.8% explodes with tetrachlorotrifluoromethylphosphorane under vacuum at ambient temperature highly toxic by ingestion moderately toxic by skin contact toxic effects are those of lead oral LD50 (rat) 105 mg/kg TLV-TWA... 

The third component of a fire is the vapour, which can mix with air, over the surface of a flammable liquid. Solvent vapours will only burn in air over a restricted concentration range bounded by the UEL (upper explosive limit) and LEL (lower explosive limit). Table 9.2 sets out for a typical range of flammable solvents their UEL and LEL values and their flash points, which are effectively the temperatures at which the solvent-saturated air attains the LEL. 

At atmospheres consisting of vapour of flammable liquids and air an ignition of the explosive atmosphere must already be anticipated at temperatures below the flash point, as of the LEP, in presence of an effective ignition source. 

Dedicated exhausts used for flammable vapors should be of ferrous construction. Flammable liquids do not have an adverse effect on materials so there is no reason to use plastic ducts. Flammable vapors could condense and the duct should be sprinklered. This condensation of the material could occur where the duct is subject to change in temperature or the solvent stream is subject to a change in velocity. 

Volatile Solids, NFPA 325, Quincy, Mass.). Pressure particularly affects flash point and the uppei flammable limit (UFL) see later section entitled Effect of Temperature, Pressure, and Owgen. Mists of high-flash-point liquids may be flammable the lowei flammable limit (LFL) of fine mists and accompanying vapor is about 48 g/m of air, basis 0°C and 1 atm (0.048 oz/fP). 

---