Morton, William

William N. Valentine, Morton Lee Pearce, and John S. Lawrence, Blood, 5, 623647 (1950). 

Animal studies support the reputation of cannabis for stimulating appetite, although this effect has not been universally reported (Graceffo and Robinson 1998). Sated rats showed substantial hyperphagia when administered THC at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg (Williams et al. 1998). This appetitive effect of THC was found in other species, such as dogs, whereas LSD, by contrast, produces anorexia (Vaupel and Morton 1982). 

Perhaps the first suggestion of INCs came from Rylander and Meyerson. [172,173] The concept that the decomposition of oxonium and immonium ions involve INCs (Chap. 6.11.2) was successfully put forth by Bowen and Williams, [143,157,158,167,174] and the analogies to solvolysis were described by Morton. [168] Nonetheless, mass spectrometrist were too much used to strictly unimolecular reactions to assimilate such a concept without stringent proof. 

A Reactive Chemical Incident Morton International, Paterson, New Jersey, David Heller and William Hoyle... 

An effective anesthetic agent must be easy to use, quickly render the patient unconscious, and not produce any toxicity. Dr. William T. G. Morton first publicly demonstrated the use of ether as an effective anesthetic agent at the Massachusetts General Hospital on 16 October 1846 before a crowd of skeptical physicians. Raymundus Lullius, a Spanish chemist, discovered ether (CH3CH2)20 in 1275. Its hypnotic effects were soon appreciated (and enjoyed by some), but for many decades ether was only used to treat the occasional medical ailment. Even with ether, the success of surgical procedures did not improve until the introduction of antiseptic procedures and infection control some 20 years later. Ether was replaced by cyclopropane in 1929, which was replace by halothane in 1956. While anesthetic agents are desirable for the patient, exposure of hospital staff is highly undesirable and an important occupational consideration. 

Historians credit the first public demonstration of true surgical anesthesia to William Morton, an American dentist (Fenster 2001). In 1844, Horace Wells, who was a dentist in Hartford, Connecticut, attended a public lecmre demonstration of the effects of laughing gas. One member of the audience had volunteered to inhale the nitrous oxide and then accidentally gashed his leg but felt no pain. Wells asked William Morton to... 

The era of modern general anaesthesia dawned in 1846 with the first administration of diethyl ether by William Morton to a patient in Massachusetts General Hospital. One year later it was followed by Simpson s demonstration of the effects of chloroform in Edinburgh. Since that time the dominance of the inhalation route of administration as a means of providing general anaesthesia combined with safe control of the airway has not been seriously challenged. 

Arrowsmith RJ, Carter K, Dann JG, Davies DE, Harris CJ, Morton JA, Lister P, Robinson JA, Williams DJ. Novel renin inhibitors synthesis of aminostatine and comparison with statine-containing analogues. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1986 10 755-757. 

Guindon Yoakim Morton J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 3912. For other methods, see Williams Sakdarat Tetrahedron Leu. 1983,24, 3965 Hanessian Delorme Dufresne Tetrahedron Lett. 1984,25,2515 Rigby Wilson Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 1429. 

William Morton s demonstration in 1846 of ether-induced anesthesia during dental surgery ranks as one of the most important medical breakthroughs of all time. Before that date, all surgery had been carried out with the patient conscious. Use of chloroform as an anesthetic quickly followed Morton s work, made popular by Queen Victoria of England, who in 1853 gave birth to a child while anesthetized by chloroform. 

Ding W, Williams DR, Northcote P, Siegel MM, Tsao R, Ashcroft J, Morton GO, Alluri M, Abbanat D, Maiese WM, Ellestad GA (1994) Pyrroindomycins, Novel Antibiotics Produced by Streptomyces rugosporus sp. LL-42D005 I. Isolation and Structure Determination. J Antibiot 47 1250... 

Horace Wells and William T. G. Morton, introduced volatile anesthetics in the 1840s... 

The words anaesthesia and anaesthetic were first used by Oliver Wendell Holmes in a letter to the surgeon William Morton dated 21st November 1846. The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland have a museum in central Lon-... 

It was William Morton, in 1846, who first noted that ether could be used as an anaesthetic for dentistry and surgery. Before that all surgery was conducted on conscious patients. Chloroform, CHCI3, was developed later and Queen Victoria gave the process of anaesthesia credence when she gave birth to a child in 1853 and suffered little or no pain. More recent inhaled anaesthetics include isofluorane , CF3 CH(C1) O CHF2. Draw its structure (hint it is also an ether). 

Figure 22.14. Metabolism of cyclophosphamide. The major therapeutic metabolite, phos-phoramide, is highlighted. [Adapted from Colvin, O. M. In Holland, J. F., Bast, R. C., Jr., Morton, D. L., Frei, E., Ill, Kufe, D. W., and Weichselbaum, R. R. (Eds.). Cancer Medicine, Vol. 1, 4th ed., Williams Wilkins, Baltimore, 1997, pp. 949-975.]...

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