Melamine phosphate

Melamine and Other Amine Phosphates. Three melamine phosphate commercial products have been reported (60) including melamine orthophosphate [20208-95-17, H O P, [41583-09-9] aH O P dimelamine orthophosphate and melamine pyrophosphate [15541-60-3] ... 

Figure 12. TG, DTG and rate of water and ammonia evolution (arbitrary units) for melamine phosphate. Conditions as Figure 2.

The experimental weight loss in the first and second step (4.0 and 4.5% respectively) is in agreement with that corresponding to condensation to pyrophosphate (4.0%) and polyphosphate (4.2X, n 1). Furthermore, the IR spectra of melamine phosphate and of the residues at 300 and 330 C (Figure 14 spectra A, B and C respectively) show that besides the typical bands of phosphate salts (950-1300 cm-1) which are present in the three spectra, a new absorption due to P-O-P bonds (ca. 890 cm-1) appears in the spectra of the residues. The absorptions due to melamine salt structures (e.g. 780-790 and 1450-1750 cm ) are closely similar in the three spectra of Figure 14. Fire retardants based on melamine pyrophosphate and polyphosphate are reported in the literature 51 as well as methods for preparation of these salts (25-... 

Figure 15. IR spectrum of residue of melamine phosphate heated to 380 C (A) and of this residue after water extraction (B).

Phosphorus additives red phosphorus, phosphate esters, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine phosphates, melamine pyrophosphate. Some of them are halogenated. 

There are several classes of amine phosphates commercially available to flame retard a wide variety of polymeric substrates, both natural and synthetic.24 A classic example is the three variations of melamine phosphate melamine orthophosphate, dimelamine orthophosphate, and melamine pyrophosphate. Of these, the pyrophosphate is the least soluble and the most thermally stable. Melamine orthophosphate is converted to the pyrophosphate upon heating, with the loss of water. All the aforementioned variations are available as finally divided solids, are used commercially in coatings, and have utility in a wide variety of thermoplastics and thermosets (mostly presented in the patent literature). 

Products of reaction of urea or guanidyl urea with phosphoric acids Melamine phosphate... 

Melamine phosphate Budit 310 series (310-312) Unsaturated polyester resins, particularly for the SMC process... 

Melamine borate Budit 313 In combination with melamine phosphate for phenolic resin bound nonwoven based on cotton fibers... 

Chen, Y.H. and Wang, Q. 2007. Reaction of melamine phosphate with pentaerythritol and its products for flame retardation of polypropylene. Polym. Adv. Technol. 18 587-600. 

Wood and its related products have been used extensively in the construction and transportation industries. Boric acid, borax, ammonium phosphate, melamine phosphate, dicyandiamide, and urea derivatives are commonly used flame retardants in wood. Depending on the specific application, borax pentahydrate (or borax decahydrate), and boric are normally used together. 

FIGURE 12.9 HRR curves of PMMA compositions with AP752 (APP-based additive containing melamine phosphate) and A1203. (From Laachachi, A. et al., Polym. Adv. Technol., 17, 327, 2006. With permission.)... 

Patent literature reports also on halogen-free composition for PS foams, using phosphorus compound, such as RP, triphenyl phosphate, diphenyl cresyl phosphate, APP or diphenyl phosphate, and metal hydroxide such as magnesium or aluminum hydroxide.88 It is reported that PS foams containing a mixture of EG (6-10 wt%), inorganic compound (5-10 wt%) and RP, triphenyl phosphate (TPP) or 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOP)), and chalk compounds (5-10 wt%)89 or containing EG and phosphorus compounds such as RP, triphenylphosphate diphenyl cresyl phosphate, APP, melamine phosphate, resorcinol diphenyl phosphate, and dimethyl methylphosphonate in suitable amounts90 fulfills DIN 4102-B2 requirements. 

Weil, E.D. MeSwigan, B. Melamine phosphate flame retardants. Plastics Compound. 1994, 17, 31-39. 

In fire retardant applications, a combination of zinc borate with ammonium polyphosphate gives V-0 rating. The use of zinc borate permits a reduction in the amount of ammonium polyphosphate. Red phosphorus alone or in combination with ammonium polyphosphate or melamine phosphate also produced a V-0 rating. The heat release rate can be effectively improved by small additions (1-2 wt%) of silicone powder in combination with other flame retarding additives or at higher concentration (15 wt%) when used by itself. 

Efforts have also been made in improving the processing of PP/P-FR grades. For example, inaeased melt flow and reduced melt pressure and viscosity have been reported with the melt-blended CN-2616 (Reogard 1000) FR from Great Lakes Polymer Additives (Chemtura). The product is a combination of pen-taeiythritol phosphate alcohol, melamine phosphate, and srhca quartz. Melt-flow rate increases by 35%-40% are reported when 20% of the additive is added to PP homopolymers. After repeated extrusion passes at below 220 C, melt pressure and bum times (less than 10 seconds in UL94 V-0 testing) are reportedly maintained [5-13, 5-15). 

Chem. Descrip. Melamine phosphate CAS 20208-95-1 EINECS/ELINCS 243-601-5 Uses Flame retardant for latex intumescent coatings Properties Wh. free-flowing powd. 100% thru 40 mesh sol. 0.6 g/100 ml water very low sol. in org. soivs. bulk dens. 0.15-0.20 g/ml pH 1-2 (10% slurry) 37.5% N, 13.8% P Aeroguard MPP [Cytec Ind.]... 

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