Fisons Instruments

E Blair. Fison Instruments, private communication J. Callaghan. Turner Scientific, private communication and C. Fisher. Perkin-Elmer, private communication. 

Instrumentation. H and NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AV 400 spectrometer (400.2 MHz for proton and 100.6 MHz for carbon) at 310 K. Chemical shifts (< are expressed in ppm coupling constants (J) in Hz. Deuterated DMSO and/or water were used as solvent chemical shift values are reported relative to residual signals (DMSO 5 = 2.50 for H and 5 = 39.5 for C). ESl-MS data were obtained on a VG Trio-2000 Fisons Instruments Mass Spectrometer with VG MassLynx software. Vers. 2.00 in CH3CN/H2O at 60°C. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments were conducted on a VP isothermal titration calorimeter from Microcal at 30°C. 

Beckman Instruments Inc. (product reference available from Fisons Instruments, see separate entry). 

Fisons Instruments (incorporating VG Elemental and Applied Research Laboratories), Ion Path Road Three, Winsford, Cheshire CW7 3BX, UK. 

Figure 6.5—Chromatogram of a mixture ofpolysiloxane oligomers analysed by SFC. Each compound yields a unique peak in the chromatogram, thus allowing the determination of the distribution of molecular forms in a polymerisation reaction. (Reproduced by permission of FISONS Instruments.)...

Biosym Technologies, Inc. Bristol-Myers Squibb Brookhaven National Laboratory Dionex Corporation Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Co. Finnigan MAT Fisons Instruments Hewlett-Packard Co. 

LC/MS analysis was conducted on a Fisons VG Quattro II mass spectrometer with electrospray introduction capabilities (Fisons Instruments, Beverly, MA). A +3900 volt bias was placed on the discharge needle, the electron multiplier was held at -650 volts, and the source temperature was held 150°C. A mass range of either 600 to 1200 or 1200 to 2100 Daltons was monitored in all analyses. The following voltages were maintained on the ion optics HV Lens, -500 V cone, 50 V skimmer, 1.5 V RF lens, 200 V. Chromatographic conditions were identical to those described above. 

Beckman Instruments, Inc. BioMolecular Technologies, Inc. BIOSYM/Molecular Simulations Bristol-Myers Squibb Finnigan MAT Fisons Instruments Hewlett-Packard Company IntelliGenetics, Inc. 

The analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons pollutants was performed on a Fisons Instrument Gas Chromatograph GC-800 series, connected to a Fisons Instrument Mass Selective Detector (MS) MD-800. 

Cell concentration in the medium was estimated as diy cell weight. The harvested cells were collected by centrifugation (12,000 x g, 4 C for 15 min) and washed with distilled water. The cells dried under reduced pressure were subjected to chemical analysis. The calorific value of the cells was measured using an automatic bomb calorimeter (CA-3, Shimadzu, Japan). Elemental composition of the cells was measuredusing an automatic elemental analyzer (EA1108, Fisons Instruments Co., Italy). 

XPS The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was performed, with a FISONS Instruments ESCALAB 200R, using the AlKa ray at 487 eV, to characterize the presulfided catalyst and the catalyst after activation in comparison with the starting oxidic catalyst and the sulfided catalyst. 

HP-TPR The High Pressure Temperature Programmed Reduction (HP-TPR) with Mass Spectrometer (MS) from FISONS Instruments was performed to observe the activation reactions of the presulfided catalyst under H2 at 20 bars and 240 °C/hr heating-up rate. 

XPS analysis was performed on a Vacuum Generators (Fisons Instruments) MT-500 with a non-monochromatic A1 X-ray source (Ka 1486.6 keV) and a CLAM-2 hemispherical analyzer for electron detection. The samples were supported on carbon adhesive tape. Spectra were corrected for charging using the Si(2p) peak and scaled on the Si(2s) peak. For the determination of the binding energies a background correction was applied. 

The experimental apparatus required to perform UK experiments is relatively simple (Figure 1). The two isotopic feeds are routed via a four-way valve to either a vent or the reactor. Their flow rates are set as closely as possible using standard mass flow controllers. The pressures of the two gas streams are then equalised using a differential pressure transducer and fine needle valve at the vent outlet. The reactor effluent is monitored continuously by a quadmpole mass spectrometer (Fisons Instruments GasLab 300) via a capillary sampling system. 

Principally, gas chromatographic analyses were carried out on a GC 8000 gas chromatograph (Fisons Instruments, Germany) equipped with a nonpolar fused silica capillary column (common dimensions 25 m x 0.25 mm ID x 0.25 pm film). Flow velocity of the carrier gas (hydrogen) was approx. 40 cm/s. The GC oven was normally programmed from 60 to 300 °C at a rate of 3 °C/min after 3 min at the initial temperature, and was kept at 300 °C for 20 min. The injection was carried out on a split/splitless injector at 270 °C, splitless time was 60 s. The end of the capillary column was splitted to lead the eluate separately to a flame ionization detector (FID) and an electron capture detector (ECD) for a simultaneous detection of the analytes. 

The catalytic tests were carried out at atmospheric pressure in an 8 mm quartz microreactor at two oven temperatures, 500 and 750°C and contact times of 5 and 3 ms, which were obtained by changing the total flow rate. Both a 0.1 g of catalyst -previously reduced in situ at 750°C in an equimolar H2/N2 mixture-and three different CH4/02/He gas mixtures were used 2/1/40, 2/1/20 and 2/1/4 (v/v). The reaction products were analyzed on line by using two gas chromatographs equipped with HWD one from Fisons Instruments 8000 Series, and an AutoSystem XL from Perkin Elmer Instruments with Carbosieve... 

The near-surfece conqx)sition of the catalytic materials was derived from XPS spectra (ESCALAB 220i-XL, Fisons Instruments) usii A1K radiation (1486.6 eV). 

A total of 100 p of the sample is allowed to equilibrate with 300 mbar of CO2 of known content for 10 hr at 25°C in a VG ISOPREP-18 H2O-CO2 equilibration system (Fisons Instruments, Inc., 32 Conunerce Center, Danvers, MA 019 ). At the end of the equilibration, the CO2 is allowed to expand into a VG PRISM gas-isotope-ratio mass spectrometer system (Fisons Instruments, Inc.) for abundance measurement (Wong et al., 1987). 

Figure 107 Schematic diagram of a three-electrode DC plasmajet (Fison Instruments)...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed using MgK radiation with a Fisons instrument. 

VG Microscopes/Fisons Instruments 32 Commerce Center Danvers, MA 01923... 

Kevex/Fisons Instruments 24911 Avenue Stanford Valencia, CA 91355... 

FIGURE 13.41 Determination of a complex mixture of ethers in gasoline on a polar capillary column with a standard FID and the O-FID. [Reproduced from Reference 110 courtesy of Fisons Instruments SpA, Rodano (MI), Italy.]... 

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