Fire hydrant installation

Regarding fires, water is the primary extinguishing agent, and it should be available in adequate supply and pressure at all of the locations in the plant. The layout for various types of installations and the appropriate recommendations are found in the standards of the National Fire Protection Association. Fire hydrants, hose lines, automatic sprinkler and water spray systems should all be a part of the permanent equipment facilities of the plant. 

Figure 4.13 Standard pipe installations for a fire hydrant. Notes (1) Hydrant Tee must be appropriate to type of main installed. (2) Depth of hydrant outlet must not exceed 300mm below finished ground level. (3) Unless otherwise directed, pre-cast concrete units shall be bedded on well-compacted granular material Type A brought up from the base of the trench...

Figure4.16 (a) Fire hydrant pit (b) stop-valve pit. Note Jo each fire hydrant an indicator plate with post must be provided and installed...

Monitors are fixed water hydrants with an attached discharge gun. They are also installed in process areas and storage tank areas. Fire hydrants and monitors are spaced 150 -250 ft apart around process units, located so that all areas of the plant can be covered by 2 streams. The monitor is usually located 50 ft from the equipment being protected.14 Fire monitors discharge water at a rate of 500-2000 gpm. 

American Water Works Association (AWWA), Ml7. Installation. Field Testing and Maintenance of Fire Hydrants. Third Edition, AWWA, Denver, CO, 1989. 

Red a. Stop buttons or electrical switches used for emergency stopping of machines. b. Emergency stop handles or bars on machines. c. Hazardous operation indicating lights on control, alarm panels, or in the installation. d. Fire protection equipment and systems (e g., fire hydrants, monitors, reels, alarms, etc.). e. Portable flammable liquid containers. f. Stop condition. g. Identification of ESD isolation valves and actuators. 

One of the initial requirements made of the Modesto Project was installation of a comprehensive fire system. The large and unwieldy tire pile was surrounded by an underground sprinkler system and fire hydrants. Further, tire removal from the pile follows a carefully drafted plan to result in optimal fire lanes among the tires.1... 

A description of the potential hazard and recommended actions to be taken by emergency and firefighting personnel dnring a fire or explosion event for a specific hazard, location, or facility based on previons inspections and surveys of identified hazards. Pre-fire plans note the structural features, physical layout, special hazards, installed protection systems, fire hydrant locations, water supplies, and similar features pertinent to firefighting operations. Pre-fire plans should be routinely updated or revised as changes occur in a facility or location. 

BS 5306 Code of Practice for fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises Part 1 1976 Hydrants systems, hose reels and foam inlets Part 2 1979 Sprinkler systems Part 3 1980 Portable fire extinguishers Part 4 1979 Carbon dioxide systems... 

Fire-fighting equipment includes fire hydrants, hose reels, sprinklers and fire control centres. Special care is needed in a building being eonstructed, in which sources of ignition may be more likely and fire systems are yet to be installed. 

Exhibit 13-29 illustrates some additional features that the plant layout designer should consider when selecting and planning the installation of fire hydrants and monitors, including ... 

Figure 13.17 Holes being drilled for sacrificial anode installation (a) thermit welding of anode connection on watermain (b) anode cluster ready to be buried and connected to fire hydrant tap. (Courtesy of Drinking Water Services, City of Ottawa)...

M14, Recommended Practice for Backflow Prevention and Cross-Connection Control, 30014 M17, Installation, Field Testing, and Maintenance of Fire Hydrants, 30017... 

Control valves for deluge Manual fire protection Separate units Place shutoffs well away from process areas. Install hydrants, monitors, and deluge systems. Add good drainage. Separate (space) plants on a site, and separate units within plants. Provide access from two sides. 

Monitors are considered the primary manual water delivery device for hydrocarbon facilities, while hydrants and hose reels are considered secondary. Monitors are an initial manual fire suppression device that can be activated by operators with limited fire fighting training or experience. Use of hydrants and hoses usually require additional manpower and previous training. The use of a fire hose however, provides for more flexibility in the application of water sprays and where it may be needed when it is impractical to install a monitor. Monitors are usually placed at the process areas, while hydrants are placed at the perimeter roads, accessible to mobile apparatus. Most monitor pipe connections may also be fitted with fire hose connections. 

NFPA 14. Standard for the Installation of Standpipe, Private Hydrant, and Hose Systems. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. 

Portable monitors, which come in a wide range of sizes, should be strategically located around the facility. During a fire, they can be quickly moved and connected by hose to the nearest hydrant. Due to the wide variation in flow rates and ranges that can be obtained from monitors, each installation must be designed for the specific risks and conditions involved. 

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