Finnish study

Genetic transmission in nemaline myopathy is the subject of some uncertainty. A Japanese study of 50 pedigrees came to the conclusion that autosomal dominant with reduced penetrance was the most probable mode. However a Finnish study presented evidence for autosomal recessive transmission. There is no evidence that severe and mild forms are genetically distinct and several pedigrees contain members showing widely differing clinical severity. A candidate gene for autosomal dominant nemaline myopathy has been localized to chromosome Iq 21—23. 

Tukiainen H, Rytila P, Hamalainen KM, Silvasti MS, Keski-Karhu J. Finnish Study Group. Safety, tolerability and acceptability of two dry powder inhalers in the administration of budesonide in steroid-treated asthmatic patients. Respir Med 2002 96(4) 221-9. 

In a Finnish study analysis of the association between the prolonged use of lynestrenol (to suppress menstruation in mentally retarded women) and arterial disease detected at autopsy, the conclusion was that such treatment, here given for a mean of more than 6 years, increases the risk of arterial disease and that such treatment must be very carefully considered (7). 

In another Finnish study, about 116 000 children born in Finland between 1 October 1985 and 31 August 1987 were randomized to receive four doses of Hib vaccine (PPR-D, Connaught) starting at 3 months of life or one dose starting after 24 months of life (466). A control... 

Soxhlet extraction of PCDEs has been performed using one solvent or mixtures of different solvents. Fish and bird samples (muscle, egg) have been extracted for 6 h using a mixture of petroleum ether acetone hexane diethyl ether (PAHE) (18 11 5 2 by volume) [33, 57,58,114,122-124] in Finnish studies. This solvent mixture has been used since it was reported to give the best recoveries of PCBs in Soxhlet extraction when different solvent combinations were tested [127]. Soxhlet extraction gave better results for PCBs than those obtained by column extraction. 

PCDE analyses can be performed by high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) combined with low resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS) or using HRGC combined with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). For example, a Hewlett Packard 5970 mass selective detector system, which is a qua-drupole mass analyzer, has been used as an LRMS instrument in Finnish studies [33, 57, 113, 114, 122-125, 139]. Compared to LRMS, HRMS is more sensitive, allows less sample cleanup, and eliminates interference more effec-... 

The use of isotope-labeled internal standards, which is recommended in the mass spectrometric analysis of PCDDs and PCDFs, to monitor the efficiency of extraction and cleanup has not been common in PCDE analyses due to the limited number of commercially available labeled standards. A D5-labeled pentaCDE has been used as an internal standard in Finnish studies [33,113,114, 123-125,139] and 13Cl2-labeled PCDEs have been used only in few studies [120, 131]. Labeled compounds behave hke the corresponding endogenous compounds during cleanup steps and would be the best internal standards for reliable results in PCDE analysis. 

The safety of entacapone has been specificaUy addressed in a Finnish study in 326 patients (mean age 62 years, 217 men) taking levodopa plus a decarboxylase inhibitor (1). Two-thirds were randomized to take entacapone 200 mg/day and the remainder to take placebo. The withdrawal rate due to adverse events was 14% with entacapone compared to 11% with placebo. Dyskinesias were greatly increased in the former (29 versus 11%) and entacapone was also associated with increased incidences... 

In another Finnish study, about 116 000 children bom in Finland between 1 October 1985 and 31 August 1987 were randomized to receive four doses of Hib vaccine (PPR-D, Connaught) starting at 3 months of life or one dose starting after 24 months of life (16). A control cohort included all 128 500 children born in Finland in the 24 months before the study. The difference in cumulative incidence between those who received four doses of the vaccine and those who received none was 54 cases of diabetes per 100 000 at 7 years (relative risk = 1.26). Most of the extra cases of diabetes occurred in statistically significant clusters starting about 38 months after immunization and lasting about 6-8 months. The authors concluded that exposure to Hib immunization is associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus. 

Recent work by Kulmala et al. (2000) indicates that the H2SO4/H2O/NH3 ternary nucleation mechanism yields nanoparticle (Dp > 3 nm) concentrations that match field observations at a Finnish study site. In addition, the authors present the interesting... 

The DATATOP study in the USA (Parkinson Study Group 1989), the French Selegiline Multicenter Trial (FSMP) (Allain et al. 1991), the Finnish study (Myt-tyla et al. 1992), and the Norwegian-Danish Study Group (Larsen et al. 1999), all multicenter studies that used (-)-deprenyl as initial treatment in de novo patients with Parkinson s disease, have supported the conclusion that (-)-deprenyl slows the progression of early Parkinson s disease and have demonstrated the safety of the long-term administration of the drug. It is commonly assumed that (-)-deprenyl by itself is an exceptionally safe compound. 

Peltola H, Unkila-Kallio L, Kallio MJT, Finnish Study Group. Simplified treatment of acute staphylococcal osteomyelitis of childhood. Pediatrics 1997 99 846-850. 

Although the age-specific risk of fatal cancers in the two populations cannot be calculated from the data reported, the overall incidence of cancer in the 4-year Finnish study was less than half that in the 5-year U.S. study. In addition, other prospective studies of Americans have found no correlation between fatal cancer and blood selenium concentrations (Coates et al. 1988). Thus, one cannot predict relative cancer risks with serum selenium levels in one population based on data from another population. 

Hirvonen, A., K. Husgafvel-Pursiainen, A. Karjalainen, S. Anttila, and H. Vainio (1992). Point-mutational Msp and Ile-Val polymorphisms closely linked in the CYPIAI gene Lack of association with susceptibility to lung cancer in a Finnish study population. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 1, 485—489. 

Vitamin B12J B12 and folic acid work together in a powerful combination Both help the brain produce needed neurotransmitters and help to reduce inflammation. B12 can be a powerful antidote to depression A study published in the Journal of Psychosomatic Research found that men who had lost a partner in the last six months suffered more intensely from depression, anxiety, and confusion if their B12 levels were low. A study among seven hundred women above the age of sixty-five found a clear correlation between depression and B12 deficiency. The more severe the depression, the higher the correlation. And a Finnish study comparing the responses of people with major depression to antidepressants found that people with higher B levels did relatively better than those with lower levels. ... 

Several studies found large inconsistencies between dietary iodine intake and urinary iodine excretion in vegetarians and vegans (Lightowler and Davies, 1998 Rauma et al., 1994, 1999). The most extreme example was a Finnish study of 9 vegans ( saxmzet al, 1994) mean dietary... 

In addition, five prospective within-population cohort studies have been carried out, four of them on coronary heart disease and one on strokes. The four coronary heart disease studies were carried out in The Netherlands (Zutphen) [139], the USA (Health Professionals study) [140], the U.K. (the Caerphilly study) [141], and Finland [142]. In the Zutphen study, coronary heart disease was inversely associated with flavonol intake, in which a maximum intake of 42 mg/day and a minimum of 12mg/day were recorded. A clear dose-response correlation was observed. In the Health Professionals study, a modest non-significant inverse association was found (flavonoid intake between 40 mg/day and 7 mg/day). The Finnish study indicated a weak inversely associated correlation, while the Caerphilly study involving Welsh men showed that flavonoid intake increased the mortality. 

In contrast to epidemiological studies of these diseases, there has been just one study that compared flavonoid intake and cataract [44]. In this Finnish study the dietary intakes of over 10,000 men and women were estimated for the year preceding baseline health examination. Health outcomes were determined 28-30 years later using Finnish government health statistics and compared with the highest and lowest intakes. Neither higher total flavonoid intake nor higher intakes of quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin,... 

In a Finnish study, 21,930 male smokers (aged 50 to 69 years) were followed for 6.1 years. Reduced risk of CHD death was associated with increased intake of rye products. Rimm et al. examined the association between cereal intake and risk for myocardial infarction (MI) in 43,757 U.S. health professionals, aged 40 to 75 years. Cereal fiber was most strongly associated with redueed risk for MI with a 0.71 decrease in risk for each 10 g increase in cereal fiber intake. 

Uncertainty and sensitivity in the carbon footprint of shopping bags Mattila et al. (Finnish study) 2011 Finland... 

Finnish study - carbon footprint of shopping bags... 

In this Finnish study (MatiUa et al., 2011), the carbon footprint of several shopping bag alternatives (five types) was studied using LCA method. The functional unit assumed was carrying devices for the transportation of goods from grocery stores... 

In the Finnish study of Hohnberg on central nervous system defects in children bom to mothers exposed to organic solvents during pregnancy, 3 of the cases were exposed to toluene, or toluene in combination with other solvents. In one case with hydranencephaly and death 24 days after birth, there was exposure to toluene, xylene, white spirit and methyl ethyl ketone from mbber products manufacture. The second case had multiple abnormali-... 

A Finnish study also reported a decreased breast cancer risk in women consuming whole milk (33) but the findings, although intriguing, cannot be taken as definitive. Further epidemiologic studies of this type and intervention studies with high dairy intakes are urgently required. 

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