Finnish population

B. S. Reddy, A. R. Hedges, K. Laakso and E. L. Wynder, Metabolic epidemiology of large bowel cancer fecal bulk and constituents of high-risk North American and low-risk Finnish population. Cancer, 1978, 42(6), 2832. 

Alfthan, G., Laurinen, M. S., Valsta, L. M., Pastinen, T., Aro, A. (2003). Folate intake, plasma folate and homocysteine status in a random Finnish population. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 57, 81-88. 

The Finnish population was used for estimating expected numbers of cases. In... 

One type of familial amyloidosis first identified in the Finnish population is caused by deposition of gelsolin (Maury et al., 2000 Maury et al., 2001). This Finnish type familial amyloidosis (FAF) is a hereditable autosomal dominant amyloid polyneuropathy, characterized by corneal lattice dystrophy, progressive cranial and peripheral neuropathy as well as skin changes (Chen et al., 2001 Maury et al., 2001). 

The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (Dolecek, 1992) included over 12,000 men over an 8-year period. The results showed that higher ALA intakes were associated with lower risks of death due to coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, a 28% reduction in risk of stroke was associated with a 0.06% increase in the ALA content of serum phospholipids (Simon et al., 1995). Other studies have since supported the association between ALA and reduction in stroke risk (Leng et al., 1999 Vartiainen et al., 1994). Vartiainen et al. (1994) followed a Finnish population of approximately 28,000 men and women over 20 years and found that a 60% reduction in mortality from stroke was associated with increased ALA consumption. In a study involving approximately 1,100 subjects, individuals suffering a stroke had significantly lower ALA concentrations in the red blood cell (Leng et al., 1999). 

Kesaniemi, Y.A. and Miettinen, T.A. 1987. Cholesterol absorption efficiency regulates plasma cholesterol level in the Finnish population. Ear. J. Clin. Invest. 17, 391-395. 

Hublin C, Kaprio J. Partinen M, Heikkila K, Koskenvuo M. Daytime sleepiness in an adult Finnish population. J Intern Med 1996 26 417 123. 

Erkkola R, Holma P, Jarvi T, Nummi S, Punnonen R, Raudaskoski T, Rehn K, Ryynanen M, Sipila P, Tunkelo E et al. (1991) Transdermal oestrogen replacement therapy in a Finnish population. Maturitas 13 275-281... 

Enattah NS, Forsblom C, Rasinpera H, et al., The FinnDiane Study Group The genetic variant of lactase persistence C (-13910)T as a risk factor for type I and II diabetes in the Finnish population. Pur J Clin Nutr 1-4,2004. 

An epidemiological study in a Finnish population indicated an association between moderate iron overload (measured by serum ferritin see Iron Proteins for Storage Transport their Synthetic Analogs) and increased incidence of coronary heart disease. This remarkable association has not been coirfirmed and further investigation will be necessary to determine whether excessive iron storage may relate to coronary heart disease. ... 

Inducible NOS (iNOS) Under oxidative stress NOS reacts with superoxide anion to form toxic hydroxyl radicals. Inducible NOS is found in glial cells of the CNS and is induced in response to injury. Levecque and Hague both reported association of iNOS with PD in European and Finnish populations, respectively (Levecque et al., 2003 Hague et al., 2004). Hancock confirmed the association in North Americans, but only in early-onset cases (one member of the family with age-at-onset <40 years) (Hancock et al., 2005). Levecque also found an interaction betw een smoking and iNOS, which Hancock et al. also recently reported in an even larger dataset. (Hancock et al., 2006). 

De-orphanization studies have identified GPR154 (GPRA) as the Neuropeptide S Receptor 1 (NPSR1). The gene was positionally cloned to asthma on chromosome 7pl3 from linkage studies of asthma in a Finnish population and five other Western European populations [171-173]. 

Rouvinen-Lagerstrom N, Lahti J, Alho H, Kovanen L, Aalto M, Partonen T, Silander K, Sinclair D, Raikkonen K, Eriksson JG, Palotie A, Koskinen S, Saarikoski ST (2013) mu-Opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) polymorphism A118G lack of association in Finnish populations with alcohol dependence or alcohol consumption. Alcohol Alcohol 48 519-525... 

Mutanen M and Koivistoinen P (1983) The role of imported grain in the selenium intake of Finnish population. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 113 55—64. 

Valkonen, S. Jarvisalo, J., Aitio, A. (1983). Urinary arsenic in a Finnish population without occupational exposure to arsenic, in Braetter. P. and Schramel, P. Trace Element-Analytical Chemistry in medicine and Biology. Vol.2, p. 611-621 Walter de Gruyter Co. Berlin. 

Although the overall prevalence of these inborn mitochondrial cytopathies remains unknown, the frequency of the A3243G mtDNA point mutation alone is estimated to be 1.6 in 10,000 in a Finnish population (Majamaa et al. 1998). Overall, clinically patent mitochondrial cytopathies could exist with a frequency of around 1 in 5,000 children (Haas et al. 2007). 

Hedman, M., Pimenoff, V., Lukka, M., et al.. Analysis of 16 Y STR loci in the Finnish population reveals a local reduction in the diversity of male lineages. Forensic Sci Int, 142, 37, 2004. 

Harri, M. N. E., and ICoskela, P., 1977, Terms of spawning in southern and northern Finnish populations of the common frog, Rana temporaria, under laboratory conditions, Aquilo Ser Zool. 17 49-51. 

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) has also been linked to the chronic consumption of ethanol. However, PHC did not significantly correlate with ethanol intake in several large population studies undertaken in Western countries (Breslow and Enstrom, 1974 Kono and Ikeda, 1979 Hinds et aL, 1980). In these studies, this lack of evidence may be related to an insufficient number of individuals with PHC. It should also be noted that the diagnosis of PHC may be unreliable (Saracci and Repetto, 1980), and it is possible that more careful examination of cirrhotic livers would reveal a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Other studies have shown a positive association between ethanol consumption and PHC. In the third National Cancer Survey, Williams and Horm (1977) found a suggestive dose-dependent association between ethanol consumption and PHC, while Hakulinen et aL (1974) reported a significant association between PHC and ethanol misuse in the Finnish population. 

It is a fallacy to believe that individuals with risk factors for cardiovascular events like smoking, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia can neutralize or minimize their adverse effects by exercise. In the Seven Countries Study (23,24), Finland had the highest overall prevalence of coronary heart disease. The Finnish population consumes large amounts of animal fat. Fiimish lumberjacks are an example of physically active people in whom the risk for coronary heart disease remains high (25). The approach to prevent coronary heart disease should be multifaceted... 

In Lake Worth and Lantana, about 1,600 people claimed Finnish descent in 2000. About 43% of this Finnish population was elderly. Forty-five percent of Finnish persons age five and over spoke Finnish at home, reflecting the fact this area is home to the world s second largest Finnish expatriate community. There are two Finnish cultural centers offering dances, concerts, and other Finnish activities, Finnish companies in almost every sector of the economy, three Finnish churches, two Finnish newspapers, a Finnish Consulate, and a Finnish nursing home (Fig. 102.14). Finlandia Week (http //www.finlandiadays.com), a celebration of Finnish culture, attracts thousands. 

The involvement of several genes reflects the heterogeneous pathogenesis of the nephrotic syndromes. Pathoanatomical lesions do not indicate a specific genetic entity. Apart from the congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type, which rarely occurs in non-Finnish populations, genetic testing is not applicable on a routine basis. 

Virtually no data on dietary fibre intakes in other populations of the world have been published. They have been quoted only in the report of a study co-ordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, in which dietary intake and bowel cancer incidence were compared in a Danish and Finnish population. In this study a random sample of 30 men aged 55-64 were selected from population registers in Copenhagen (Denmark) and Kuopio (Finland) and asked to record their food intakes for four days. On the fourth day they also collected a duplicate sample of all the food eaten and this was sent to Cambridge for dietary fibre analysis. 

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