Rana temporaria

Ferenczi, M.A., Goldman, Y.E.. Simmons, R.M. (1984). The dependence of force and shortening velocity on substrate concentration in skirmed muscle fibers from Rana temporaria. J. Physiol. 350,519-543. 

Gutleb, A.C., Appehnan, J., and Bronkhorst, M. et al. (2000). Effects of oral exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the development and metamorphosis of two amphibian species (Xenopus laevis and Rana temporaria). Science of the Total Environment 262, 147-157. 

Kruzhalov N.B. (1980). Neuronal reactions of the accessory olfactory bulb in the frog, Rana temporaria, to chemical stimulation of the vomeronasal organ. Zh Evol Biokhim Fizio 16, 587-592. 

Frog, Rana temporaria Yugoslavia, 1975 From Fig-mining area... 

Terhivuo, J., M. Lodenius, P. Nuortiva, and E. Tulisalo. 1984. Mercury content of common frogs (Rana temporaria L.) and common toads (Bufo bufo L.) collected in southern Finland. Ann. Zool. Fennici 21 41-44. 

Laughlin, R. and O. Linden. 1982. Sublethal responses of the tadpoles of the European frog Rana temporaria to two tributyltin compounds. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 28 494-499. 

In the frog Rana temporaria, the VNO shares the nasal compartments with the main olfactory organ. The VNO has three cavities, and water enters from the external nares via two fissures. The VNO is used to sample water while the frog is submerged, while above water air is inhaled and the olfactory system stimulated (D0ving etal., 1993). 

Laurila, A. (2000). Responses to predator chemical cues and local variation in antipredator behaviour of Rana temporaria tadpoles. Oikos 88,159-168. 

Against histomoniasis [177], effect on neuron-muscular transmission of Rana temporaria [156], mutagenic activity [178]... 

Amphibians, e.g. Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo suffer from lake acidification because of the ecological change and development of new species of algae. 

Gutleb AC, Appelman J, Bronkhorst MC, et al. 1999. Delayed effects of pre- and early-Ufe time exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on tadpoles of two amphibian species (xenopus laevis and rana temporaria). Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 8 1-14. 

R. Hofer, C. Mokri (2000). Photoprotection in tadpoles of the common frog, Rana temporaria. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol., 59,48-53. 

M. Pahkala, A. Laurila, J. Merila (2000). Ambient ultraviolet-B radiation reduces hatchling size in the common frog Rana temporaria. Ecography, 23, 531-538. 

In Rana temporaria, the anionic charge is carried by Kdn, and also by sulfate and glucuronic acid (Fig. 8). In Rana utricularia, traces of NeuSAc were characterized and the presence of glucuronic acid and sulfate has been confirmed. On the basis of these results, it remains impossible to correlate the presence of these acidic sugars with the taxonomy and phylogeny of amphibians. 

Fig. 8. Oligosaccharide-alditols released from the jelly coat of Rana temporaria [33],...

In the skin of Rana temporaria and Rana nigromaculata, bradykinin, a hypotensive and smooth muscle exciting substance has been found (7) ... 

Temporins, a group of antibiotic peptide amides isolated from the skin of the European red frog Rana temporaria composed of 10-13 aa. The majority of the temporins A-L and temporin-like peptides contain a single basic residue (Arg or Lys), but the primary structure is highly variable. Tempo-rinA, TA, FLPLIGRVLS GILa, is the most weU-known member of these peptides. TA exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activ-... 

Shah, M., Persaud, K.C., Polak, E.H., Stussi, E. Selective and reversible blockage of a fatty acid odour response in the olfactory bulb of the frog (Rana temporaria). Cellular and Molecular Biology 45, 339-345 (1999)... 

The D-alluronic acid-containing p-D-AllA-(l- 3)-P-D-Gal-(1 4)-[a-L-Fuc-(l- 2)]-p-D-Gal-(1 3)-D-GalNAc-ol has been isolated by reductive elimination of the oviducal mucin of Rana temporaria " ... 

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