Event recording

At steady electrical load the background noise is normally low and fairly constant along the SH headers and with time no AE sources come up on the Unit 3 header, while the very few localized events recorded on Unit 4 are spread out over the whole length of the header. 

A mass spectrum is a chart of ion abundances versus m/z values. It is shown above that the TDC measures ion arrival times, which are converted directly into m/z values. Notionally, the number of ions arriving at the detector at any one m/z value is equal to the number of events recorded (one... 

The curve (a) traces the outline of the peak obtained directly from the number of events recorded (Figure 31.5). The second curve (b) traces the outline of the peak obtained after correcting for coincidental events (dead time, shown by the shaded area). The centroids of peaks a and b are shown, and it can be seen that they occur at the same m/z value. Thus the deadtime correction alters only the abundances and not the m/z values of the ions. 

The random nature of the ionizing events recorded by the detector must also be borne in mind. To achieve measurements with standard deviations of 1% it is necessary to record at least 104 counts. For signals of low intensity this may take several hours to accumulate. This point is discussed further in Chapter 10. 

We classified behaviors as states with measurable duration, or as chemosensory events, recorded as a frequency (Martin and Bateson 1993). The major states were drink/suckle, dust/mud/wallow, stand, walk or other. Chemosensory events were actions by the trunk tip contacting another elephant, investigating a substrate or performing actions called accessory trunk behaviors. We recorded the part of the body touched and the age and sex of the individual touched. The chemosensory events included sniff, check, place, and flehmen, and 10 accessory trunk behaviors (blow, dig, flick, horizontal sniff, periscope sniff, pinch, rub, suck, wrap and wriggle see Schulte and Rasmussen 1999 Bagley et al. 2006 Schulte 2006 Vyas 2006). 

FIG. 4. (A) Single-plotted event records from 2 rats. Cage activity counts per 10 min were derived from abdominal body temperature transmitter... 

The work in the author s laboratory relevant to the events recorded here was generously supported by the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. 

Figure 11. Ratio of anticoincidence events to the sum of events recorded in anticoincidence and coincidence as a function of activity for 137Cs...

After all four positive scans are completed (typically within 3 s), the polarity is switched and the fifth scan event records a negative-ion full-scan MS. If the expected protonated molecule is not detected in the positive mode, the second, third and fourth scan events are skipped and the fifth (negative-ion-mode) scan event is triggered. Similar to the positive-ion mode, if the expected [M-H]- ion is detected in the full-scan MS, IT data-dependent MS/MS (sixth), FT accurate MS (seventh), and FT MS/MS (eighth) scan events are acquired. Clearly demonstrated here is the ability of the LTQ-FT to handle multiple experiments on a chromatographic time scale. One might question the need for such an elaborate data-dependent scheme when apparently all that is needed is an accurate mass determination followed by a data-dependent accurate mass MS/MS spectmm. Apart from the fact that using the... 

Fig. 3.3. The probability of an event recorded by the flow cytometer as a single cell actually resulting from more than one cell coinciding in the laser beam. For this model, the laser beam was considered to be 30 pm high and the stream flowing at 10 m per second.

Event records (the information is recorded contemporaneously with the actions, e.g., electronic data from laboratory instruments or manufacturing control operations) Review records (records that provide evidence that events, information, or data have been evaluated for content, completeness, or accuracy, e.g., reviews required in 21 1.192. Usually these records are approved.)... 

Fig. 3. Gamma-rays in Sm-134. The spectrum was projected from event-by-event record 2p-y-y in the same reaction as in Fig.2.

Scientific questions result from observations of events in nature or events observed in the laboratory. An observation is not just a look at what happens. It also includes measurements and records of the event. Records could include photos, drawings, or written descriptions. The observations and data collection lead to a question. In chemistry, observations almost always deal with the behavior of matter. Having arrived at a question, a scientist usually researches the scientific literature to see what is known about the question. Maybe the question has already been answered. The scientist then may want to test the answer found in the literature. Or, maybe the research will lead to a new question. 

Mosharov EV, Sulzer D. 2005. Analysis of exocytotic events recorded by amperometry. Nat Methods 2 651-658. 

Harte B. (1987) Metasomatic events recorded in mantle xenoliths an overview. In Mantle Xenoliths (ed. P. H. Nixon). Wiley, Chichester, pp. 625-640. 

The customary practice is to plot In A against z and by regression analysis determine the slope, from which S is calculated. From this result ages can be assigned to events recorded in a core, and uncertainties can be estimated from the regression statistics. 

Glasspool I. (2000) A major fire event recorded in the mesofossils and petrology of the late Permian, Lower Whybrow coal seam, Sydney Basin, Australia. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol. 164, 373-396. 

A major disadvantage of the case-control study is that it requires a definite hypothesis or suspicion of causality. A cohort study on the other hand does not subjects can be followed to see what happens (event recording). Case-control studies do not prove causation. They reveal associations and it is up to investigators and critical readers to decide what is the most plausible explanation. 

Inflammation is evidenced by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-l, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNFa), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The search for the link between these molecular events recorded in the inflammatory process and the derangement of redox equilibria along with the consequence on nitric oxide regulation is the aim of this chapter. 

Fig. 7. An example of upper-mantle splitting analysis for a Solomon Islands event recorded at the Canadian station ULM. The top traces show the radial and transverse component before and after the correction for SKS and SKKS splitting. The vertical bars marked A and F indicate the analysis window. It should be noted that after the correction the SKS and SKKS energy is minimized on the transverse component. The four lower-left panels show the isolated slow (continous line) and fast (dashed line) shear waves and the particle motion within the analysis window before and after the splitting correction. It should be noted also that the particle motion becomes linear after the correction. The lower right panel shows the confidence intervals for the sphtting parameters. The 95% confidence interval is the innermost circle around the asterisk at 50° and 0.96 s.

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