Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates

Behler, A., Syldath, A. 2000. Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates—a new class of nonionic surfactants. Proceedings of the 5th World Surfactants Congress. Firenze, 1 382-391. 

A soap-based powder can be produced in combination with ester sulfonates. Thirty-five percent of a sodium soap mixture (5% lauric acid, 5% myristic acid, 52% palmitic acid, 21% stearic acid, 12% oleic acid, and 5% linoleic acid) is mixed with 15% sodium a-sulfo palm oil fatty acid methyl ester, 3% lauric acid ethoxylate, 5% sodium silicate, 17% sodium carbonate, 20% Na2S04- 10H2O, and 5% water [79]. 

The organic feedstock suitable for surfactant production (i.e., detergent-grade alkylates, fatty alcohols, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, a-olefins, and fatty acid methyl esters) and the S03/gas are fed concurrently. 

Fatty acid esters, 9 142 Fatty acid ester sulfonates, 23 528-529 Fatty acid ethoxylates, 24 149-150 Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), 12 429 13 26t... 

Fatty Alcohols. Fatty alcohol is considered a basic oleochemical manufactured by high-pressure hydrogenation of fatty acids or fatty acid methyl esters. The majority of the fatty alcohol produced is further subjected to various processes, such as sulfation, ethoxylation, amination, phosphatization, sulfitation, and others. 

Fats and oils are renewable products of nature. One can aptly call them oil from the sun where the sun s energy is biochemically converted to valuable oleochemicals via oleochemistry. Natural oleochemicals derived from natural fats and oils by splitting or tran -esterification, such as fatty acids, methyl esters, and glycerine are termed basic oleochemicals. Fatty alcohols and fatty amines may also be counted as basic oleochemicals, because of their importance in the manufacture of derivatives (8). Further processing of the basic oleochemicals by different routes, such as esterification, ethoxylation, sulfation, and amidation (Figure 1), produces other oleochemical products, which are termed oleochemical derivatives. 

Szymanowski, J. 2001. Ethoxylation of fatty acid methyl esters. Riv. Ital. Sostanze Grasse 5 279-284. 

Hreczuch, W. 2002. Temperature-related reaction kinetics and product composition of ethoxylated fatty acid methyl esters. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 77 511-516. 

The Ballestra CSTR system, because of its back-mixing characteristics long residence time and residence time distribution, can expose the organic material to by-product formation by side rea dom.- (see 5.5.1.) This can prove disadvantageous for sensitive materials such as primary alcohols, alcohol ethoxylates and alpha-olefins. Thgefore> the Ballestra CSTR system is predominantly used for branched and linear alkylbenzenes and fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEl SUlplLQUation. 

Hydrocarbons + fatty acid methyl esters, glycerides 4- fatty alcohols + fatty acids, fatty acid ethoxylates + alkylphenol ethoxylates, other ethoxylates, glycerol + high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols. 

Description. Surfactants of this class are better known as sugar esters or sucrose esters. The sucrose esters are obtained by transesterification of sucrose with fatty acid methyl esters or triglycerides, leaving methanol or glycerol as by-products, respectively- Mono- and diesters are the major products. Due to the steric effects,-primary hydroxyl groups are almost exclusively subject to esterification. Both types of esters exhibit the general properties of common nonionics (i.e., ethoxylated alcohols). 

Low-viscosity concentrates (-10% to 20%) of fabric softeners such as imidazoline derivatives and other diaUcyl ammonium compounds have been prepared by making use of high-pressure homogenization [15] fatty alcohols, aliphatic fatty acids, and fatty acid methyl esters [16] paraffin oils and paraffin waxes [17] ionogenic and nonionogenic emulsifiers (such as ethoxylated nonylphenol... 

Fettsiureethoxylate Fatty Acid Ethoxylates Fettsdureglucamide Fatty Acid Glucamides Fettsfiuremethylester Fatty Acid Methyl-esters... 

Alkanesulfonate hydrotropes fatty alcohol sulfate alkylbenzenesulfonate sulfated fatty alcohol ethoxylate (homologs are separated) soap a-sulfo fatty acid methyl ester sulfosuccinic acid diesten qualitative... 

As described above, conventional ethoxylation catalysts (NaOH, KOH, etc.) require a labile or active hydrogen to promote ethoxylation. To become active and labile, these hydrogens require an adjacent heteroatom, such as oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen. For many years, this requirement served as a practical limit to which hydrophobic feedstocks could and could not be ethoxylated. Alcohols, amines, and to some extent, fatty acids, could be ethoxylated, while triglycerides, methyl esters, etc. could not. 

It is important to note that methyl ester ethoxylates have been produced, primarily for the textile industry, for several years. They have been manufactured by condensing fatty acids with monomethyl-capped polyethylene glycol. This reaction, however, is more complex and more costly than direct ethoxylation [26]. 

Large quantities of methyl esters are currently produced from oleochemi-cal sources (Fig. 2). Their major use is as intermediates in the production of fatty alcohols. They can also be produced through esterification of fatty acids with methanol. It is safe to assume that commercial quantities of methyl esters could be made readily available as ethoxylation feedstocks for methyl ester ethoxylates. 

CAS 67785-13-1 EINECS/ELINCS 267-061-5 Synonyms Modified coco diethanolamide Trade Names Containing Rewopol FBR Fatty acids, C16-18 and C18-unsaturated. See Palmitic/oleic acids Fatty acids, C16-18 and C18 unsaturated. See Canola acid Fatty acids, C18-36, esters with ethylene glycol. See Cl 8-36 acid glycol ester Fatty acids, C12-20, ethoxylated (8 EO). See C12-20 acid PEG-8 ester Fatty acids, CIO-16, Me esters Fatty acids, CIO-16, methyl esters. See Methyl laurate/myristate... 

Environmental awareness and protection have led to the development of more environmentally benign surfactants. There is a trend of substituting petrochemicals by renewable raw materials. For this reason there is currently much interest in fatty acid-based surfactants. For both fatty alcohol ethoxylates and fatty amide ethoxylates the raw material for the hydrophobic group are triglyceride oils. The triglycerides are present in plants such as rapeseed, coconuts, soya, canola, sunflour, and tallow. Fatty acids, as used for the production of fatty amide ethoxylates, are obtained from saponification of the triglycerides. Fatty alcohols, which are used to produce fatty alchol ethoxylates, need a saponification step to obtain the fatty acid, followed by a reduction, usually via the methyl ester, to obtain the alcohol. 

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