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Determining factors

Before we proceed to discuss energy changes in detail it is first necessary to be clear that two factors determine the stability of a chemical system—stability here meaning not undergoing any chemical change. These two factors are the energy factor and the kinetic factor,... [Pg.62]

Other reactions are controlled kinetically, and the most stable product is not the major one observed. In these cases, you must look at the reactant side of the reaction coordinate to discover factors determining the outcome. Klopman and Salem developed an analysis of reactivity in terms of two factors an electrostatic interaction approximated by atomic charges and a Frontier orbital interaction. Fleming s book provides an excellent introduction to these ideas. [Pg.139]

A second factor determining module selection is resistance to fouling. Membrane fouling is a particularly important problem in Hquid separations such as reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration. In gas separation appHcations, fouling is more easily controlled. Hollow-fine fibers are notoriously prone to fouling and can only be used in reverse osmosis appHcations if extensive, costiy feed-solution pretreatment is used to remove ah. particulates. These fibers caimot be used in ultrafiltration appHcations at ah. [Pg.74]

A key factor determining the performance of ultrafiltration membranes is concentration polarization due to macromolecules retained at the membrane surface. In ultrafiltration, both solvent and macromolecules are carried to the membrane surface by the solution permeating the membrane. Because only the solvent and small solutes permeate the membrane, macromolecular solutes accumulate at the membrane surface. The rate at which the rejected macromolecules can diffuse away from the membrane surface into the bulk solution is relatively low. This means that the concentration of macromolecules at the surface can increase to the point that a gel layer of rejected macromolecules forms on the membrane surface, becoming a secondary barrier to flow through the membrane. In most ultrafiltration appHcations this secondary barrier is the principal resistance to flow through the membrane and dominates the membrane performance. [Pg.78]

Clearly, the factors determining Ko are far more complex than is indicated by a simple application of the Kozeny-Carman equation, and when possible, filter design should be based on experimental determinations made under conditions approximating those expected in the planned installation. [Pg.1601]

The chief factors determining the size of grinding balls are fineness of the material being ground and maintenance cost for the ball charge. A coarse feed requires a larger baU than a fine feed. [Pg.1850]

The most important bulk containers are railroad hopper cars, highway hopper trucks, portable bulk bins, van-type (ship) containers, barges, and ships. Factors determining the suit ihty of any of these containers (after establishing whether open or closed containers are to be used) depend on product physical properties, the most important of which are ease of flow, corrosiveness, and sensitivity to contamination. [Pg.1980]

QUENCH LIQUID QUANTITY A good discussion of the factors determining the quantity of quench hquid required is presented by CCPS (AIChE-CCPS, 1995). [Pg.2299]

Why is it undesirable to have a columnar grain structure in castings Why is a fine equiaxed grain structure the most desirable option What factors determine the extent to which the grain structure is columnar or equiaxed ... [Pg.99]

The coherent tunneling case is experimentally dealt with in spectroscopic studies. For example, the neutron-scattering structure factor determining the spectral line shape is... [Pg.24]

Fig. 10-1. Factors determining visibilitv in the atmosphere. Source U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 450/5-79-008. Office of. Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research 1 riangle Park, NC, 1979. Fig. 10-1. Factors determining visibilitv in the atmosphere. Source U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 450/5-79-008. Office of. Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research 1 riangle Park, NC, 1979.
Gears available today have varying hardness, ranging from 225 BHN to 60 Re. Each has advantages and disadvantages, so factors determining hardness must be carefully evaluated. [Pg.528]

Having thus seen that enviromental factors determine viscosity largely by their effect on free volume let us now consider the influence of molecular factors which affect viscosity largely by entanglement effects. [Pg.168]

It is particularly interesting to consider the influence of the substituents R and Rj in diphenylol alkanes of the type shown in Figure 20.12. Such variations will influence properties because they affect the flexibility of the molecule about the central C-atom, the spatial symmetry of the molecule and also the interchain attraction, the three principal factors determining the physical nature of a high polymer. [Pg.580]

For materials of equivalent density water-blown polyurethanes and the hydrocarbon-blown polystyrene foams have similar thermal conductivities. This is because the controlling factor determining the conductivity is the nature of the gas present in the cavities. In both of the above cases air, to all intents and purposes, normally replaces any residual blowing gas either during manufacture or soon after. Polyurethane foams produced using fluorocarbons have a lower thermal conductivity (0.12-0.15 Btu in fr h °F ) (0.017-0.022 W/mK) because of the lower conductivity of the gas. The comparative thermal conductivities for air, carbon dioxide and monofluorotrichloromethane are given in Table 27.3. [Pg.802]


See other pages where Determining factors is mentioned: [Pg.503]    [Pg.61]    [Pg.139]    [Pg.213]    [Pg.384]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.65]    [Pg.66]    [Pg.192]    [Pg.204]    [Pg.66]    [Pg.599]    [Pg.717]    [Pg.124]    [Pg.186]    [Pg.65]    [Pg.296]    [Pg.17]    [Pg.478]    [Pg.111]    [Pg.264]    [Pg.175]    [Pg.405]    [Pg.460]    [Pg.1509]    [Pg.253]    [Pg.280]    [Pg.285]    [Pg.438]    [Pg.49]    [Pg.58]    [Pg.319]    [Pg.59]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.8 ]




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A factor determination

Accurate structure factor determination using

Alkyl halides factors determining mechanism

Antibiotics factors determining

Antioxidant effectiveness determining factors

B Determining GLC Response Factors

B Factors Determining Stability

B Factors Determining the Extent of Solubilization

Base-incorporation factor, determination

Bioconcentration factor determination

Catalysts systems activity, factors determining

Causal factor analysis determining

Causal factor identification root cause determination

Causal factor predefined trees, root cause determination

Causal factor root cause determination, predefined

Chemical model determination factor analysis

Chemical shift factors determining

Chemical shift factors determining position

Chemiluminescence factors determining

Complement factors, determination

Compressibility factor fugacity determination

Concentration factors, determination

Controlling rate factor, determination

Conversion factors, determination

Correction factor determination, screening

Cultural factors/determinants

Determinant factor

Determinant factor

Determination of Bioconcentration Factors

Determination of Rayleigh Factors

Determination of Shape Factors

Determination of the friction factor

Determining Influencing Factors

Determining an Intraphase (Internal) Effectiveness Factor from a Thiele Modulus

Drinking water factors determining lead concentration

Effectiveness factor determination

Effects response determinants, genetic factor

Energy expenditure factors determining

Equilibrium factor method determination

FACTORS DETERMINING THE RATE OF A CHEMICAL REACTION

Factor analysis determination

Factor score determination

Factors Determining Composition

Factors Determining Crystal Shape

Factors Determining Emulsion Stabilization

Factors Determining Number of Antifoam Entities in Foam Film

Factors Determining Use

Factors Determining Vibrational Frequencies

Factors Determining Viscosity

Factors Determining the Lead Concentration in Drinking Water

Factors Determining the Level of Demand for Additives

Factors Determining the Real Contribution of LAB to Food Flavor

Factors Determining the Selection of Fillers and Fibers

Factors Determining the Toxicity of Organic Pollutants to Animals and Plants

Factors That Determine Acid Strength

Factors That Determine Bile Acid Conjugation

Factors That Determine Pressure Under a Glow Discharge in Flow

Factors That Determine Solubility

Factors That Determine Toxicity and Persistence

Factors That Determine the Stereoselectivity

Factors determining AO selection

Factors determining feasibility

Factors determining feasibility experiments

Factors determining intensity and energy level of absorption in IR spectra

Factors determining modeling accuracy

Factors determining protein thermostability

Factors determining secondary and tertiary structure

Factors determining the Mossbauer spectrum

Factors determining usefulness

Factors influencing determination

Factors influencing reactivity determinants

Factors with Influence on Determining IPN Compatibility

Failure determining factors

Fibrous factors determining

Fracture energy determining factors

G-factor determination

Gender, determining factors

Geologic time factors determining

Geometry factors determination

Ground state, factors determining

Ground state, factors determining spin-configuration

Human factors root cause determination

Incident investigation causal factor determination

Influencing factors yield determination

Interactions between factors determination

Kinetic factors determining the formation of polymorphic modifications

Magnesium determination factor)

Metal extraction factors determining effectiveness

Methods of determining stress intensity factors

Micellar aggregation numbers factors determining

Molar Adjustment Factor determinational

Networking, determining factors

Normalization factor determination

Notes on Determining Depletion Times and Abundance Factors

Nucleophilic substitution reactions factors determining mechanism

Nucleophilicity factors determining

Other Factors That Determine PPCP Fate and Persistence in the Environment

Oxidation-reduction potentials factors determining

Oxygen demand, determining factors

Oxygen supply, determining factors

Pharmaceutical product shelf-life factors determining

Phase continuity factors determining

Physical Factors Which Determine the Nanomaterial Properties

Polymolecularity correction factors determination

Processing meat determinant factors

Propionate determining factors

Proteins, thermostable factors determining thermostability

Pulsed electric determinant factors

Rate factors determining

Reaction rates physical factors determining

Reaction velocities factors determining

Relative response factor determination

Response factors, determination

Retardation factor determination

Rheumatoid factor determinants

Rheumatoid factor determinants immunoglobulins

Roughness factor, determination

Shape determining factor

Shape factors determination

Shear moduli factors that determine

Shift factor, determination

Solubility factors determining

Solubilization factors determining

Stereoregularity, determining factors

Structure factor, determination

Structure-determining Factors in the Absence of Hard Cations

Taste factors determining response

Testes-determining factor

Translocation determining factors

Transport properties, factors determining

Treatment to determine factors influencing

Treatments to determine factors

Treatments to determine factors influencing product yield

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