Physical Factors Which Determine the Nanomaterial Properties

1 Physical Factors Which Determine the Nanomaterial Properties 

The geometrical confinement in one (films) or three spatial dimensions (nanoparticles) lead to essential influence of the surface on their physical properties in comparison with unconfined bulk materials. If a sample has a surface, this means that the bulk of the material covers not whole space but at least half of it. The properties of such geometrically confined (say, semi-infinite ) material are varied as we go from the surface to the bulk. Namely, sufficiently deeply in the bulk of above sample its physical properties are the same as those of conventional (unconfined) bulk material (see e.g. [1]). The depth, on which the surface influences the properties of a semi-infinite sample, depends on the type and characteristics of the material. Its value typically varies from several nanometers to several tens nanometers [2]. The above means that for nanoparticles with the sizes more than 

Glinchuk et Nanoferroics, Springer Series in Materials Science 177, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5992-3 2, 

2 The Peculiar Physical Properties of Nanosized Ferroics (Nanofeiroics) 

This means that any rotation in a film corresponds to the rotation around axis perpendicular to its surface. 

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