Facility incidents

During the 1980-2001 period, there were one or two source incidents and some transit incidents relating to Russian gas supplies through Ukraine, but no significant facility incidents/ There was one incident which could be labeled as terrorism in 1997 when an explosion on the Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline cut the flow of Algerian gas to Italy... 

Incidents that may occur several times during the lifetime of the facility (incidents that commonly occur). Frequency is one in 100 operating years... 

In addition to the CIR process the cosmetic industry has instituted a second, important, self-regulatory procedure the voluntary reporting of adverse reactions, which is intended to provide data on the type and incidence of adverse reactions noted by consumers or by their medical advisors. This reporting procedure creates early awareness of problems handled outside hospital emergency facilities or centers for acute poisoning. 

Not all cyanobacterial blooms and scums contain detectable levels of toxins. Indeed, the incidence of toxicity detection by mouse bioassay, and toxin detection by HPLC among environmental samples, ranges from about 40% to However, in view of this high occurrence, it is the policy of regulatory authorities and water supply operators in some countries to assume that blooms of cyanobacteria are toxic until tested and found to be otherwise. In the absence of available analytical facilities or expertise or for logistical reasons, this precautionary principle should be regarded as sensible and prudent. 

Has the toller s facility had any serious incidents, injuries or illnesses during the past five years If yes, explain. What is the toller s HR ... 

The following case study illustrates the use of SCREEN. In this example we analyze a fire incident that occurred at a wood preserving facility. The incident involved a fire and explosion of six cylindrical vessels containing creosote and pentachlorophenol. Refer to Figure 15. 

Facility-specific system including modules for air emissions, calendar, facility and agency processes, groundwater, hazardous waste, incident response, permit tracking, solid (non-hazardous) waste, work orders, and wastewater. 

For over 30 years the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) has been involved with process safety and loss control issues in the chemical, petrochemical, hydrocarbon process and related industries and facilities. AIChE publications and symposia are information resources for the chemical engineering and other professions on the causes of process incidents and the means of preventing their occurrences and mitigating their consequences. 

Employers must develop in-house capability to investigate incidents that occur in their facilities. A team should be assembled by the employer and trained in the techniques of investigation, including how to conduct interviews of witnesses, assemble needed documentation, and write reports. A multidisciplinary team is better able to gather the facts of the event and to analyze them and develop plausible scenarios as to what happened and why. Team members should be selected on the basis of their training, knowledge, and ability to contribute to a team effort to fully investigate the incident. 

The incidents from Step 4 are sorted for relevance to the facility being analyzed on the basis of similarity of product, process, equipment, siting, organization and environment ( ad... 

Hazards analysis techniques fall in two broad categories. Some techniques focus on hazards control by assuring that the design is in compliance with a pre-existing standard practice. These techniques result from prior hazards analysis, industry standards and recommended practices, results of incident and accident evaluations or similar facilities. Other techniques are predictive in that they can be applied to new situations where such pre-existing standard practices do not exist. 

A third incident occurred at a U.S. government facility. An employee connected his air mask onto a nitrogen line and immediately blacked out, fell, and hit his head. Fortunately, a stand-by man came to his assistance, and he recovered without serious injury. The compressed air and nitrogen lines used the same couplings, and the nitrogen lines, which should have been a distinctive color, had not been painted [22]. 

As you review each of the tasks, you should also consider what other resources (other than time of staff) may be needed. For example, improvements to incident/near-miss reporting might require modem communications between facilities and headquarters or a particular training module could be purchased to address an identified gap. 

The likelihood (probability) of an accidental release based on tlie history of current conditions and controls at tlie facility, consideration of any unusual environmental conditions (e.g., areas in flood plains), or tlie possibility of simultaneous emergency incidents (e.g., flooding or fire liazards resulting in tlie release of hazardous materials). 

Failure sequence modeling techniques such as fault tree analysis or event tree analysis are used to estimate tlie likelihood of incidents in facilities where historical data is unai ailable, or is inadequate to accurately estimate tlie likelihood of the liazardous incidents of concern. Otlier modeling tecluiiques may be required to consider tlie impact of external events (eartliquakes, floods, etc.), common cause failures, and human factors and hmnan reliability. 

The impact of Ice Storm 98 can clearly be seen by realizing that the number of customer interruptions and the customer hours of interruption for all of Canada in 1997 were 24,280,244 and 38,130,783, respectively. The ice storm alone resulted in 12,332,950 customer interruptions and 282,576,829 customer hours of interruption in the utilities affected. Removing the ice storm incidents from the 1998 Canada-wide data results in a SAIFI of 2.46 and a SAIDI of 3.40. The lOR is 99.9612 percent. Ice Storm 98 had only a relatively moderate effect on SAIFI but a dominant effect on the customer hours of interruption and the SAIDI statistic due to the extremely long storm duration and the required restoration period. It is important to realize that the bulk transmission system retained its integrity according to NERC criteria, and the impact of the ice storm on Ontario Hydro facilities did not propagate into neighboring interconnected utilities. 

To meet this requirement, a company must define an incident in specific terms for their facility. This includes an operational definition that indicates the number of pounds of the substance used in a particular process that would qualify as a catastrophic event . Defining an incident in site-specific terms also includes defining the terms "could reasonably have resulted in . Appendix C of the regulation provides guidelines for clarifying this point. It includes definitions of "near misses in which a catastrophic failure occurred, but a chemical release did not occur. Clear guidelines should be established that provide the employee with a quantifiable means of defining those incidents that require a violation report. 

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