Flood plains

The potential for natural disaster, based on die history and knowledge of the region and eaitli structure, should be indicated in die plan. Items such as seismic fault zones and flood plains, and potentials for hurricanes and winter storms should be noted. 

Manage the Adirondack and Catskill forest preserves and recreational facilities, including campsites and the Belleayre Mountain ski center Protect tidal and freshwater wetlands and flood plains... 

The likelihood (probability) of an accidental release based on tlie history of current conditions and controls at tlie facility, consideration of any unusual environmental conditions (e.g., areas in flood plains), or tlie possibility of simultaneous emergency incidents (e.g., flooding or fire liazards resulting in tlie release of hazardous materials). 

In arid areas, runoff is often the main source of water reaching the valley bottom. The rivers carry a high nutrient load consisting mainly of N and P. Throughout the world, estuaries of rivers draining arid lands, or the lakes they empty into, are incredibly rich in aquatic life. Flood plains located downstream of arid areas are also known for their rich soils. The Yellow River in... 

Tockner K, Lorang MS, Borchardt D, et al (2009) Multiple stressors in coupled river-flood plain ecosystems. Freshw Biol (in press)... 

Welcomme RL (1979) Fisheries ecology of flood plain rivers. Longman, London, UK... 

Revise codes, such as flood plain mapping and climate data and return frequencies for hazard-prone areas, adjusting to new realities, i.e., 100-year floods become 500-year floods, higher snow and wind loads. 

Guimaraes, J.R.D., Meili, M., Hylander, L.D., Castro e Silva, E., Roulet, M., Mauro, J.B.N., and Lemos, R.M.A., Mercury net methylation in five tropical flood plain regions of Brazil High in the root zone of floating macrophyte mats but low in surface sediments and flooded soils, Science of the Total Environment, 261 (1-3), 99-107, 2000. 

The 5,330 hectare (13,170 acre) Savanna Army Depot Activity, north of Savanna, IL, consists of high ground and Mississippi River flood plain. In the flood plain are 223 hectares of waterways connected to the river about 10 hectares of sediment plain in these waterways are considered potentially contaminated by munitions-related compounds (see Table I). Of these compounds, only TNT has been isolated (0.3 rag/kg in one sediment sample) DNT, TNB, and RDX are associated with TNT in other munitions contexts, hence they were also included. The waterways are fished by a number of activity personnel and retirees. These persons and their families may eat some of their catch, and thereby ingest those compounds that might be present in the fish (predominantly carp and catfish, both bottom-feeders). Acceptable safe sediment level guidance for these compounds was therefore desired. 

Vertisols formed from amphibolite in the Central African Republic contain 300-1000 mg/kg Cr, 11-200 mg/kg Cu, trace amounts to 6 mg/kg Mo and 60-300 mg/kg Ni (Aubert and Pinta, 1977). In chernozem soils of the flood plains of the Amur region, the average Cr is 400 mg/kg. High Co concentrations (100-300 mg/kg) have been found in soils. Manganese concentrations in lithomorphic vertisols are in the range of 3000-5000 mg/kg. Soils on clayey sediments, solonetses and saline alkali soils contain 50-75, 40-100 and 10-50 mg/kg Ni, respectively. 

The Ramsar site and the important bird area Lonjsko Polje Nature Park (510 km2) represent mainly palustrine-riverine wetlands located within the flood-plains of the Middle Sava river basin (Central Posavina, Croatia). It represents the largest maintained inundation area of all the Danube River catchment and, at the same time, the key facility of the flood control system of the entire Sava river basin (including Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia and Montenegro). 

The western portion of the Thomson project area is classified as desert, with rainfall <250 mm/yr. The eastern portion is classified as grassland, with rainfall 250-500 mm/yr (Caritat Lech 2007). Summers are hot and dry, winters cool. Highly variable rainfall results in ephemeral streams, particularly in the west, and many of the creeks and rivers flow only during flood events, which can be significant events. The low-gradient, sinuous and anastomosing streams, creeks and rivers broaden to include flood plains often several kilometres wide. It is during these events that fine silts and clays from the upstream catchment are deposited on the floodplains. 

Water Alluvium Flood plains Deltas and alluvial fans... 

Irrigation drainage from saline water must not leach into underlying potable aquifers. To do this, the site that is selected for irrigation should have a deep soil profile and should not be in a flood plain. These measures, along with irrigation... 

To reduce the environmental impact of an evaporation pond, the environmental sensitivity, hydrogeology and land characteristics of the site should be assessed during site selection. In particular, the proximity of the site to conservational areas, flood plains, wetlands, swamps and residential and commercial areas needs to be... 

Correction works A large number of rivers and streams have been corrected in the Alps with the aims of protecting settlements from flooding, reclaiming farm land, and reducing epidemic plagues. Correction works comprise straightening of the stream course, riverbed stabilization, levees and different kinds of other measures. (cf. Sects 2.4 in [11], this volume, 2 in [16], this volume) Because of extensive correction works in the Swiss Alps, only a few relics of formerly widespread flood plains remain today. 

Ward J, Malard F, Tockner K, Uehlinger U (1999) Influence of ground water on surface water conditions in a glacial flood plain of the Swiss Alps. Hydrological Processes 13 277... 

Biirgi H, Burgherr P, Uehlinger U (2003) In Ward J, Uehlinger U (eds) Ecology of a Glacial Flood Plain. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, p 139... 

Klein B, Tockner K (2000) Biodiversity in springbrooks of a glacial flood plain (Val Roseg, Switzerland). Verb Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 27 704... 

Louis with a population of about 1,200 residents in the early 1970s. The town had been huilt on a flood plain on the banks of the Meramec River in the 1920s. Most of the homes in Times Beach were fairly simple, many of them constructed on stilts to protect them from the periodic flooding of the Meramec. 

Middle Canges plain, 1.4 million in Bihar <3-1 861 in Bihar Holocene flood plain Similar to Bengal 2002... 

Polizzotto, M.L., Kocar, B.D., Sampson, M. et al. (2005b) Arsenic contamination in the flood plain aquifer of the Mekong delta, Cambodia. Abstracts with Programs. The Geological Society of America, 37(7), 376. 

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