Laundering fabrics

Qiana fibers have a high glass transition temperature (135°C, as compared to 90"C for nylon-6,6), which assures that the polymer will remain in the glassy state during fabric laundering and resist wrinkles and creases. 

Uses Surfactant, antistat in cosmetics conditioner for hair and skin care prods. foaming agent, thickener for acid bowl cleaners bactericide antistat and foaming agent in fabric laundering and softening prods. Trade Name Synonyms Jeequat TG [Jeen Int l. http //www.Jeen.com], Monaquat TG [Uniqema Am. http //www.uniqema.com], Protaquat TG t[Protameen http //www.protameen.com]... 

Sodium C14-16 olefin sulfonate Sodium myristyl sulfate Sodium nonoxynol-4 sulfate TEA-lauryl sulfate foam builder, emulsions PEG-3 cocamide PEG-3 lauramide foam builder, fabric laundering prods. Bishydroxyethyl dihydroxypropyl stearaminium chloride foam builder, fabric softening prods. Bishydroxyethyl dihydroxypropyl stearaminium chloride foam builder, facial cleansers Sodium lauroyl methylaminopropionate Sodium/TEA-lauroyl hydrolyzed collagen amino acids TEA-lauroyl keratin amino acids foam builder, fibers Oleyl betaine... 

Uses Lt. duty liq. detergent, foaming agent, vise, builder for hand dishwash and fine fabric laundering Features Mild... 

Uses Surfactant used in personal care prods. conditioner for hair rinses imparling exc. wet comb props. antistat and foaming agent used in fabric laundering and softening prods. thickener for acid bowl cleaners, naval gels Properties Gardner 3 si. hazy Iiq. sp.gr. 1.011 dens. 8.39 Ib/gal solid, pt. -10 to -12 C doud pt. 3 C pH 5.5 (10%) 30% act. 

Uses Surfactant, antistat in cosmetics conditioner for hair and skin care prods. foaming agent, thickener for acid bowl cleaners bactericide antistat and foaming agent In fabric laundering and softening prods. 

Rewoderm S 1333 P cleansing agent, mild fabric laundering prods. 

Improved Hot—Wet Properties. Acryhc fibers tend to lose modulus under hot—wet conditions. Knits and woven fabrics tend to lose their bulk and shape in dyeing and, to a more limited extent, in washing and drying cycles as well as in high humidity weather. Moisture lowers the glass-transition temperature T of acrylonitrile copolymers and, therefore, crimp is lost when the yam is exposed to conditions requited for dyeing and laundering. 

Despite the anhydride stmcture, it is remarkably stable, surviving addition to the highly alkaline viscose, the acidic coagulating bath, and also resisting multiple laundering of the rayon fabric. The unusual stability may be attributed to the sulfur atoms, which enhance hydrophobicity, and to the stericaHy hindering neopentyl groups that retard hydrolysis. 

Oligomeric Vinylphosphonate. A water-soluble oligomer, Fyrol 76 [41222-33-7] is produced by reaction of bis(2-chloroethyl) vinylphosphonate and dimethyl methylphosphonate with elimination of all the chlorine as methyl chloride (127,128). This Hquid, containing 22.5% P, is curable by free-radical initiation, on cotton or other fabrics. Nitrogen components, such as A/-methylolacrylamide or methylolmelamines, are usually included in the finish, which can be durable to multiple launderings (129,130). 

The first known fire-retardant process found durable to laundering was developed in 1912 (4). A modification of an earlier process (5), this finish was based on the formation of a tin(IV) oxide [18282-10-5] deposit. Although the fabric resulting from treatment was flame resistant, afterglow was reputed to be a serious problem, resulting in the complete combustion of the treated material through smoldering. 

Phosphorylated cottons are flame resistant ia the form of the free acid or the ammonium salt. Siace these fabrics have ion-exchange properties, conversion to the sodium salt takes place readily during laundering if basic tap water is used. However, flame resistance can be restored if the fabric is treated with either acetic acid [1563-80-8] or ammonium hydroxide [1336-21 -6] after washing. 

Dialkylphosphonopropionamides. CeUulosic derivatives that closely resemble those based on the dialkylphosphonopropionamides have been prepared (71). The fabric was treated with AJ-hydrox raethylhaloacetamides (chloro, bromo, or iodo) in DME solution by a pad-dry-cure technique with a 2inc nitrate [10196-18-6] catalyst. It was then allowed to react in solution with trimethyl phosphite [121 -45-9] at about 140—150°C the reaction rates decreased in the order iodo > bromo > chloro. With phosphoms contents above 1.5%, good flame resistance, durable to laundering, was obtained without noticeable loss in fabric strength. 

THPC—Amide Process. The THPC—amide process is the first practical process based on THPC. It consists of a combination of THPC, TMM, and urea. In this process, there is the potential of polymer formation by THPC, melamine, and urea. There may also be some limited cross-linking between cellulose and the TMM system. The formulation also includes triethanolamine [102-71-6J, an acid scavenger, which slows polymerization at room temperature. Urea and triethanolamine react with the hydrochloric acid produced in the polymerization reaction, thus preventing acid damage to the fabric. This finish with suitable add-on passes the standard vertical flame test after repeated laundering (80). 

Another modification of this process was reported in 1988 (84). In this process, a precondensate of THPC and urea, plus excess urea, are neutralized to a pH of about 5.7, and the buffer salt is added. The fabric is then given a standard pad-dry-cure process followed by oxidation and laundering. The principal advantage of this modification is a reduction in both formaldehyde vapors and phosphine-like odors released during processing (84). 

Ammonia—Gas-Cured Flame Retardants. The first flame-retardant process based on curing with ammonia gas, ie, THPC—amide—NH, consisted of padding cotton with a solution containing THPC, TMM, and urea. The fabric was dried and then cured with either gaseous ammonia or ammonium hydroxide (96). There was Httle or no reaction with cellulose. A very stable polymer was deposited in situ in the cellulose matrix. Because the fire-retardant finish did not actually react with the cellulose matrix, there was generally Httle loss in fabric strength. However, the finish was very effective and quite durable to laundering. 

Detergent Applications. The primary function of FWAs in the laundry process is to whiten fabric load and maintain the original appearance of the white, laundered articles. Laundering is characterized by repeated appHcation to the same item. Fluorescent whiteners used in this repetitive process have to compensate for the reduction in whiteness and contribute toward prolongation of the usefiil life of the textile material. 

Thus, if the fabric is flat and smooth, it will tumble dry in that configuration. On the other hand, if the fabric is cross-linked in a creased condition, as in a pleated skirt, the original pleated skirt configuration should return on laundering and tumble drying. 

There is no question that the bane of textile chemists in the area of cross-linking for smooth-dry performance is the loss of abrasion resistance. This has been a continuing problem when durable press is pushed to high levels of performance. Numerous approaches to this problem have been explored (32). However, the simplest solution has been to blend cotton with synthetic fibers. A 50—50 cotton—polyester fabric can have exceUent smooth-dry performance and yet be able to endure numerous launderings. 

In addition to FR treatments that are durable to laundering and weathering, work has also been done on a variety of treatments for the production of FR fabrics using inorganic salt mixtures. These treatments have usually been used on drapes and related materials that are not exposed to laundering or washing. 

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